Harivamsa

15 - kṛṣṇaṁ prati gopavākyam - Gopa-s explain to Krishna

vaiśampāyana uvāca

tayoḥ pravṛttayorevaṁ kṛṣṇasya ca balasya ca |

vane vicharatormāsau vyatiyātau sma vārṣikau ||2-15-1

vaiśaṁpāyana said:

(O janamejaya!) In this way, kṛṣṇa and balarāma spent the months of rainy season, playing in the forest.

vrajamājagmatustau tu vraje śuśruvatustadā |

prāptaṁ śakramahaṁ vīrau gopāṁśchotsavalālasān ||2-15-2

When they arrived in vraja, they heard that the time for īndra festival has come. All gopa-s were eager to celebrate the festival.

kautuhalādidaṁ vākyam kṛṣṇaḥ provāca tatra tān |

ko'yaṁ śakramaho nāma yena vo harṣa āgataḥ ||2-15-3

Then kṛṣṇa asked out of curiosity: What is this indra festival, about which all are excited?

tatra vṛddhatamastveko gopo vākyamuvaca ha |

śrūyatāṁ tāta śakrasya yadarthaṁ dhvaja ijyate ||2-15-4

Then one of the elderly gopa-s said: Son, I will tell you why we are worshipping the flag of īndra.

devānāmīśvaraḥ shakro meghānāṁ cārisūdana |

tasya cāyaṁ mahaḥ kṛṣṇa lokanāthasya śāśvataḥ ||2-15-5

O killer of enemies! īndra is the lord of deva-s and (rain) clouds. kṛṣṇa, this festival is for him, the eternal lord of the worlds.

tena saṁchoditā meghāstasya cāyudhabhūṣitāḥ |

tasyaivājṣākarāḥ sasyaṁ janayanti navāmbubhiḥ ||2-15-6

The clouds sent by him, decorated with his weapon (rainbow), produce vegetation with new rain water as ordered by him.

meghasya payaso dātā puruhūtaḥ purandaraḥ |

saṁprahṛṣṭasya bhagavānprīṇāyatyakhilaṁ jagat ||2-15-7

īndra who gives water to the clouds, satisfies the entire world when he is pleased.

tena saṁpāditaṁ sasyam vayamanye ca mānavāḥ |

vartayāmopayuṣjānāstarpayāmaścha devatāḥ ||2-15-8

We and other men consume the grains produced by the vegetation enriched by him and live. We also offer these grains to the gods.

deve varṣati loke'smiṁstataḥ sasyaṁ pravardhate |

pṛthivyāṁ tarpitāyāṁ tu sāmṛtaṁ lakṣyate jagat ||2-15-9

If god showers rain, then vegetation is sustained in this world. If the earth is satisfied, then the world is enjoyable like nectar.

kṣīravatyastvimā gāvo vatsavatyashcha nirvṛtāḥ |

tena saṁvardhitāstāta tṛṇaiḥ puṣṭāḥ sapuṅgavāḥ ||2-15-10

Son! the cows, bulls and calves are maintained healthy by the god with green grass. The satisfied cows give plenty of milk.

nāsasyā nātṛṇā bhūmirna bubhukṣārdito janaḥ |

dṛśyate yatra dṛśyante vṛṣṭimanto balāhakāḥ ||2-15-11

Where there is sufficient rain, there is no shortage of vegetation and grass. When there is adequate rainfall, people do not suffer hunger.

dudoha saviturgā vai shakro divyāḥ payasvinīḥ|

tāḥ kṣaranti navaṁ kśīraṁ medhyaṁ meghaughadhāritam ||2-15-12

īndra directs (milks) the sun's rays (cows) to yield (divine) water. They (sun's rays) yield new milk (water) which is collected by the group of clouds.

vāyvīritaṁ tu megheṣu karoti ninadaṁ mahat |

javenāvartitaṁ caiva garjatīti janā viduḥ ||2-15-13

The clouds pushed by the wind produce great sound. With the repeated sound, people think that the clouds are roaring.

tasya chaivohyamānasya vāyuyuktairbalāhakaiḥ |

vajrāśanisamāḥ śabdāḥ śrūyante nagabhedinaḥ ||2-15-14

The sound of clouds along with the wind, like a thunderbolt, which shatters the mountain can be heard.

tajjalaṁ vajraniṣpeṣairvimuṣchati nabhogataiḥ |

bahubhiḥ kāmagairmeghaiḥ shakro bhṛtyairiveśvaraḥ ||2-15-15

Just as god makes his servants work, īndra uses a number of clouds that freely wander in the sky along with lightening to shower rain on earth.

kvachiddurdinasaṅkāśaiḥ kvaciccinnābhrasaṁnibhaiḥ |

kvachidbhinnāṣjanākāraiḥ kvaciccīkaravārṣibhiḥ ||2-15-16

The sky at some places is cloudy like a bad day; at some places, it is like a shattered mirror, at some other places, it is like broken pieces of aṣjana (black stones) and at some other places, it is drizzling.

maṇḍayatīva devendro viśvamevaṁ nabho ghanaiḥ |

kvaciccīkaramuktābhaḥ kurute gaganaṁ ghanaḥ ||2-15-17

īndra decorates the sky with dense clouds. Sometimes, the sky is adorned with water drops, like pearls, showered by the dense clouds.

evametatpayo dugdhaṁ gobhiḥ sūryasya vāridaḥ |

parjanyaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ bhavāya bhuvi varṣati ||2-15-18

In this way, indra (parjanya) draws water from earth with the suns rays and forms rain clouds. He showers rain on earth for the benefit of all beings.

yasmātprāvṛḍiyaṁ kṛṣṇa śakrasya bhuvi bhāvinī |

tasmātprāvṛṣi rājānaḥ sarve śakraṁ mudā yutāḥ |

mahaiḥ sureshamarchanti vayamanye ca māṇavāḥ ||2-15-19

kṛṣṇa, hence the rainy season is the time for worshipping indra on earth. All kings worship indra happily by celebrating many festivals. We and other men worship the lord of gods with the festival.

iti srimahābhārate khileṣu harivaṁśe viṣṇuparvaṇi śiśucaryāyāṁ gopavākye paṣchadaśo'dhyāyaḥ

Thus this is the fifteenth chapter of viṣṇuparva of harivaṁśa, khila of śrimahābhārata, gopā-s explain to kṛṣṇa.

nīlakaṇṭha commentary

atha paṣchadaśe'dhyāye gopānindramakhotsukān |

kṛṣṇaḥ papraccha taddhetuṁ śuśrāvātha taduttaram || 1 ||

· 2-15-1 tayoḥ pravṛttayorityadhyāyadvayam

"āgrāvabhirahanyebhiraktubhirvariṣṭhaṁ

vajramājidharti māyini |

śataṁ vā yasya pracaran svedame

saṁvartayanto vichacarttayannahaḥ" ||

iti mantrasyopabṛṁhaṇārthaṁ mantrārthamāha |

yasya vajriṇaḥ svedamaṁ svagṛhe vāyurvendro vā'ntarīkṣasthāna ityukterantarīkṣe śataṁ vā tato'dhikaṁ vā saṁvarttayantaḥ | saṁvarttaṁ pralayaṁ kurvantaḥ | saṁvarttakā nāma meghā pracaran prācaran saṁsāraṁ kṛtavantaḥ saḥ māyini māyāmanuṣye śrīkṛṣṇe variṣṭhaṁ śreṣṭhatamaṁ vajraṁ aśaniṁ taddhatīṁ mahāvṛṣṭiṁ Ajidharti kṣarati | aktabhi rātribhiḥ saptabhiriti purāṇataḥ saptarātraṁ vajradhāreṇa parjanyena vavarṣtyarthaḥ | tatra hetumāha | āgrāvabhirahanyebhiriti | grāvabhiriti samudāyibhiḥ grāvasamudāyaḥ shilocchayo lakṣyate yaiḥ ahanyebhiḥ ahaḥ kratumarhanti te'hanyāstaiḥ parvate kratubhāji satītyarthaḥ | māyi punaḥ kiṁ cakāretyeta āha | vivarttayannaheti ca anantaraṁ māyī ahaḥ kratūn vivarttayan viparītaṁ varttayannāste iti śeṣaḥ | indrayāgarthamāhṛtaiḥ saṁbhārairgiriyāgaṁ pravarttayiti māyini indro mahatiṁ vṛṣṭiṁ cakāretyarthaḥ | tayoḥ pravṛttayoḥ tayoḥ pravṛttamānayoḥ vytiyātau vyatikrāntau ||

· 2-15-2 vrajaṁ gopasamājam śakramaham indrotsavam |

· 2-15-5 śāśvataḥ kulaparamparāgataḥ |

· 2-15-7 meghasya meghasambandhinaḥ |

· 2-15-8 sasyaṁ dhānyaṁ | varttayāmo jīvāmaḥ upayuṣjānāḥ bbhakṣayantaḥ | sandhirārṣaḥ ||

· 2-15-9 sāmṛtaṁ sajalam ||

· 2-15-10 sapuṅgavāḥ savṛṣāḥ ||

· 2-15-12 dudoheti | gāḥ sūryaraśmīn payasvinīriti strītvaṁ lokāt | āyamarthaḥ | yathāsmākam jaṭharāgniḥ prāṇasahāyo jalaṁ śoṣayati tachcāsmābhirbalasādhye karmaṇi kriyamāṇe romakūpadvārā prasvedarūpeṇa vamati | evaṁ vāyusahāyaḥ sūryaḥ bhūmyādigataṁ jalaṁ śoṣayati tacchendreṇa balasādhye nirantarabhramirūpe karmaṇi prayuktaḥ san kiraṇadvārā charmakośarūpeṣu megheṣu vamati tatastān meghānindro bindan vṛṣṭiṁ pravartayatīti ||

· 2-15-18 payo jalaṁ gobhiḥ raśmibhiḥ parjanya indraḥ ||

· 2-15-19 śakrasya vibhāvinī pūjayitrī pūjākāla ityarthaḥ | mahaiḥ utsavaiḥ ||

iti śrīharivaṁśe viṣṇuparvaṇi tīkāyāṁ paṣchadaśo'dhyāyaḥ

16 - śaradvarṇanam - Description of Autumn Season

vaiśampāyana uvāca

gopavṛddhasya vacanam śrutvā śakraparigrahe |

prabhāvajṣo'pi śakrasya vākyaṁ dāmodaro'bravīt ||2-16-1

vaiśaṁpāyana said:

(O janamejaya!) After hearing the words of the elderly gopa about the śakra (indra) festival, dāmodara (kṛṣṇa), even though he knew well about the splendour of śakra, said:

vanaṁ vanacarā gopāḥ sadā godhanajīvinaḥ |

gāvo'smaddaivataṁ viddhi girayashcha vanāni ca ||2-16-2

We, cow tenders, live in the forest. Our life is sustained by the wealth of cows. Therefore, cows, hills and the forests are our gods.

karṣukāṇāṁ kṛṣirvṛttiḥ paṇyaṁ vipaṇijīvinām |

gāvo'smākaṁ parā vṛttiretattraividyamucyate ||2-16-3

Farming is the livelihood of farmers, trading is the livelihood of merchants. Tending cows is our livelihood. These are said to be three types of livelihoods.

vidyayā yo yathā yuktastasya sā daivataṁ param |

saiva pūjyārchanīyā ca saiva tasyopakāriṇī |

For each, the means of suitable livelihood, is god. One should worship that which is useful for him.

yo'nyasya phalamaśnānaḥ karotyanyasya satkriyām ||2-16-4

dvāvanarthau sa labhate pretya cheha ca mānavaḥ |

One who worships and respects some one with the benefit received from some one else will inherit misfortune in this world and in the other world.

kṛṣyantā prathitā sīmā sīmāntaṁ śrūyate vanam |2-16-5

vanāntā girayaḥ sarve sā cāsmākaṁ gatirdhruvā |

The field ends in a border. That border ends in the forest. The forest ends at the hill. Hence we depend on the hill.

śrūyante girayaścāpi vane'sminkāmarūpiṇaḥ |

pravishya tāstāstanavo ramante sveṣu sānuṣu ||2-16-6

It is heard that, the hills, taking forms as they like, enjoy in the forest. Manifesting various forms, they wander in their peaks.

bhūtvā kesariṇaḥ simhā vyāghrāścha nakhinām varāḥ |

vanāni svāni rakṣanti trāsayanto vanacchidaḥ ||2-16-7

Taking the form of lions and tigers with nails, the forests frighten the forest destroyers and protect themselves from them.

yadā chaiṣāṁ vikurvanti te vanālayajīvinaḥ |

ghnanti tāneva durvṛttānpauruṣādena karmaṇā ||2-16-8

When those who live depending on the forest engage in destructive acts, the forest will kill those wicked people with appropriate actions.

mantrayajṣaparā viprāḥ sītāyajṣāścha karṣukāḥ |

giriyajṅāstathā gopā ijyo'smābhirgirirvane ||2-16-9

Brahmins are engaged in chanting of mantras. Farmers are engaged in tilling. The gopa-s depend on the hill . Hence we should worship the hill and the forest.

tanmahyaṁ rochate gopā giriyajṣaḥ pravartatām |

karma kṛtvā sukhasthāne pādapeṣvatha vā girau ||2-16-10

According to my opinion, we should worship the hill. This should be performed in a comfortable place, under a tree or at the foot of a hill.

tatra hatvā paśūnmedhyānvitatyāyatane śubhe |

sarvaghoṣasya saṁdohaḥ kriyatāṁ kiṁ vicāryate ||2-16-11

There, at an auspicious location, performing animal sacrifice, let us milk all the cows. What are we thinking about (Let us not delay)?

taṁ śaratkusumāpīḍāḥ parivārya pradakṣiṇam |

gāvo girivaraṁ sarvāstato yāntu punarvrajam ||2-16-12

Let us decorate the cows with autumn flowers and circumambulate the hill. Thereafter let the cows return to the vraja.

prāptā kileyaṁ hi gavāṁ svādutoyatṛṇā guṇaiḥ |

śaratpramuditā ramyā gatameghajalāśayā ||2-16-13

The pleasant and beautiful autumn season has arrived. The water is tasty and grass is good for the cows. There are no clouds in the sky.

priyakaiḥ puṣpitairgauraṁ śyāmaṁ bāṇasanaiḥ kvachit |

kaṭhoratṛṇamābhāti nirmayūrarutaṁ vanam ||2-16-14

Due to the flowers in full bloom, the forest has a golden colour. Somewhere the forest appears dark due to thick bushes and small plants. The forest is full of tough grass There is no sound of peacocks.

vijalā vimalā vyomni vibalākā vividyutaḥ |

vivardhante jaladharā vidantā iva kuṣjarāḥ ||2-16-15

Devoid of water, dirt and lightning, the clear water bearing clouds wander in the sky, like elephants without tusks.

paṭunā meghanādena navatoyānukarṣiṇā |

parṇotkaraghanāḥ sarve prasādaṁ yānti pādapāḥ ||2-16-16

The trees appeared dense with leaves since they were showered with strong winds loaded with water bearing clouds. All these trees begin to lose their leaves. (There is plenty of light) and hence they look pleased.

sitavarṇāmbudoṣṇīṣaṁ haṁsacāmaravījitam |

pūrṇacandrāmalacchatraṁ sābhiṣekamivāmbaram |2-16-17

The sky looks like a king at his coronation - The white clouds look like his turban, the swans are like fans and the full moon is like an umbrella held over the head.

haṁsaiḥ prahasitānīva samutkṛṣṭāni sārasaiḥ |

sarvāṇi tanutāṁ yānti jalāni jaladakṣaye ||2-16-18

After the rains, the water in the reservoirs begin to decrease. It looks as though the swans are laughing at them and the cranes have abandoned them.

cakravākastanataṭāḥ pulinaśroṇimaṇḍalāḥ |

haṁsalakṣaṇahāsinyaḥ patiṁ yānti samudragāḥ ||2-16-19

The river which flow to meet her husband, the ocean, appears beautiful with swans sporting in water as her smile, banks as the hips and a pair of cakravaka birds as the breasts.

kumudotphullamudakaṁ tārābhiścitramambaram |

samamabhyutsmayantīva śarvarīṣvitaretaram ||2-16-20

In the night, lotus flowers bloom in water and the sky dazzles with many stars. Both appears to compete with each other, saying, "my beauty is superior to yours".

mattakrauṣcāvaghuṣṭeṣu kamalāpakvapāṇḍuṣu |

nirviṣṭaramaṇīyeṣu vaneṣu ramate manaḥ ||2-16-21

The mind finds great pleasure in the forest where, excited birds sing sweetly, paddy fields ready for reaping look like decorated brides, a pleasant atmosphere prevails like in the house of a married couple.

puṣkariṇyastaḍāgāni vāpyaścha vikachotpalāḥ |

kedārāḥ saritashcaiva sarāṁsi ca śriyājvalan ||2-16-22

The incomparable beauty of ponds and lakes with golden flowers and pools and rivers increase with nourishment.

paṅkajāni ca tāmrāṇi tathānyāni sitānyapi |

utpalāni ca nīlāni bhejire vārijāṁ shriyam ||2-16-23

The water-born red, white and blue lotuses increase the beauty of the water of the lakes.

madaṁ jahuḥ sitāpāṅgā mandaṁ vavṛdhire'nilāḥ |

abhavadvyabhramākāśamabhūccha nibhṛto'rṇavaḥ ||2-16-24

The excitement of the peacocks has ended. The wind is blowing slow. The sky is devoid of clouds. The sea appears to be full.

ṛtuparyāyaśithilairvṛttanṛtyasamujjhitaiḥ |

mayūrāṅgaruhairbhūmirbahunetreva lakṣyate ||2-16-25

The rainy season has ended and the peacocks have stopped dancing. Due to the scattered peacock feathers, the ground appears to be having many eyes.

svapaṅkamalinaistīraiḥ kāśapuṣpalatākulaiḥ |

haṁsasārasavinyāsairyamunā bhāti śobhanā ||2-16-26

The banks of yamunā which were dirty with slush, look beautiful with blooming kāśa flowers where the swans and cranes have made their nests.

kalamāpākaramyeṣu kedāreṣu janeṣu ca |

sasyādā jalajādāścha mattā viruruvuḥ khagāḥ ||2-16-27

The birds, eating the grains in the beautiful fields ready for reaping, and the birds eating fish in the lakes, are making various sounds.

siṣichuryāni jaladā jalena jaladāgame |

tāni sasyāni bālāni kaṭhinatvaṁ gatāni vai ||2-16-28

The young tender plants, dragged by the clouds in the rainy season, have grown up and become hard.

tyaktvā meghamayaṁ vāsaḥ śaradguṇavidīpitaḥ |

eṣa vai vimale vyomni hṛṣṭo vasati candramāḥ ||2-16-29

The moon has abandoned the clothes in the form of clouds. Adorned with the qualities of autumn, the moon happily stays in the clear sky.

kṣīriṇyo dviguṇaṁ gāvaḥ pramattā dviguṇaṁ vṛṣāḥ |

vanānāṁ dviguṇā lakṣmīḥ sasyairguṇavatī mahī ||2-16-30

In the autumn season, the cows give double the quantity of milk. The bulls are doubly excited. The forests are doubly wealthy. Because of abundant vegetation, the earth is enriched with many qualities.

jyotīṁṣi ghanamuktāni padmavanti jalāni ca |

manāṁsi ca manuṣyāṇāṁ prasādamupayānti vai ||2-16-31

The planets and stars released from the cover of clouds, water adorned with lotus flowers, and the minds of people have become pleased.

asṛjatsavitā vyomni nirmukto jaladairbhṛśam |

śaratprajvalitaṁ tejastīkṣṇaraśmirviśoṣayan ||2-16-32

In autumn, the sun, freed from the rain bearing clouds in the sky, producing rays with higher blaze and weakens the essence of earth.

nīrājayitvā sainyāni prayānti vijigīṣavaḥ |

anyonyarāṣṭrābhimukhāḥ pārthivāḥ pṛthivīkṣitaḥ ||2-16-33

The kings of earth provide their army with weapons and march towards other kingdoms looking for victory.

bandhujīvābhitāmrāsu baddhapaṅkavatīṣu ca |

manastiṣṭhati kānṭāsu citrāsu vanarājiṣu ||2-16-34

The mind goes to the beautiful forest lands dazzling with shoeflowers, enriched by mud and sediments.

vaneṣu ca virājante pādapā vanaśobhinaḥ |

śrasanāḥ saptaparṇāścha kovidārāścha puṣpitāḥ ||22-16-35

iṣusāhvā nikumbhāścha priyakāḥ svarṇakāstathā |

sṛmarāḥ pechukāścaiva ketakyashcha samantataḥ ||2-16-36

The trees in full bloom, such as, śrasanā, saptaparṇā, kovidāra, iṣusāhvā, nikumbhā, priyakā, svarṇakā, and ketaki dazzle adding beauty to the forest. Many kinds of deer and owls roam in a happy mood.

Translator's note:

The botanical names of the trees mentioned in this śloka, according to the Monier Williams Dictionary are as follows:

śrasanā - Terminalia Tomentosa

saptaparṇā - Alstonia Scholaris

kovidāra -Bauhinia Variegata

iṣusāhvā -

nikumbhā - Croton Polyandrum

priyakā - Nauclea - Cadamba - Several plants - Terminalia Tomentosa

svarṇakā - suvarṇaka - Cathartocarpus Fistula

ketaki -Pandanus odoratissimus

vrajeṣu ca viśeṣeṇa gargarodgārahāsiṣu |

śaratprakāśayoṣeva goṣṭheṣvaṭati rūpiṇī ||2-16-37

In those vrajas, the autumn season roams like a beautiful young woman, where specially, milk, curd and butter are filled in pots creating sound which appears like the laughter of the season.

nūnaṁ tridaśabhūyiṣṭhaṁ meghakālasukhoṣitam |

patatriketanaṁ devaṁ bodhayanti divaukasaḥ ||2-16-38

It is sure that the gods are waking up the lord having garuḍa on his flag, from his comfortable rest in the rainy season.

śaradyevaṁ susasyāyāṁ prāptāyāṁ prāvṛṣaḥ kṣaye |

nīlacandrārkavarṇaiścha rachitaṁ bahubhirdvijaiḥ ||2-16-39

After the rainy season, the autumn season decorated with beautiful vegetation has arrived, along with many birds with multiple colours, such as blue like clouds, white like moon and sun.

phalaiḥ pravālaiścha ghanamindracāpaghanopamam |

bhavanākāraviṭapaṁ latāparamamaṇḍitam ||2-16-40

The trees are full of fruits, dense with tender leaves. They look beautiful, like clouds decorated with rainbow. The huge branches decorated with creepers look like houses.

viśālamūlāvanataṁ pavanābhogamaṇḍitam |

archayāmo giriṁ devaṁ gāścaiva ca viśeṣataḥ ||2-16-41

The roots of the trees have spread far and wide. The trees enjoy good air. We should specially worship the hill along with the cows.

barhāpīḍaiścha daṁśitaiḥ |

ghaṇṭābhiścha pralambābhiḥ puṣpaiḥ śāradikaistathā ||2-16-42

Let us decorate the horns of the cows with peacock feathers. Let us tie bells on their neck and decorate the cows with autumn flowers.

śivāya gāvaḥ pūjyantāṁ giriyajṣaḥ pravartyatām |

pūjyatāṁ tridaśaiḥ shakro girirasmābhirijyatām ||2-16-43

Let us worship the cows for our well being. Let us start the worship of the hill. Let the gods worship indra and let us worship the hill.

kārayiṣyāmi goyajṣaṁ balādapi na saṁśayaḥ |

yadyasti mayi vaḥ prītiryadi vā suhṛdo vayam ||2-16-44

gāvo hi pūjyāḥ satataṁ sarveṣāṁ nātra saṁśayaḥ |

If you are pleased with me and if we seek the good of all, then I will carry out the cow festival forcefully. There is no doubt that the cows are to be worshipped always by all.

yadi sāmnā bhavetprītirbhavatāṁ vaibhavāya ca |

etanmama vacastathyaṁ kriyatāmavicāritam ||2-16-45

If you are happy with my explanation, then for your own progress, accept my words without any hesitation and proceed accordingly.

iti śrīmahābhārate khileṣu harivaṁśe viṣṇuparvaṇi śaradvarṇane śoḍaśo'dhyāyaḥ

Thus this is the sixteenth chapter of viṣṇuparva of harivaṁśa, khila of śrimahābhārata, description of Autumn season.

nīlakaṇṭha commentary

etasmin ṣoḍaśe'dhyāye yuktibhirmaghabhedanaṁ |

upendreṇa mahendrasya śarado varṇanaṁ tathā || 1 ||

· 2-16-1 gopavṛ+ddhasya vacanaṁ śrutvā śakraparigrahe indramahotsavasvīkāre ||

· 2-16-3 paṇyaṁ vikreyaṁ dravyaṁ vipaṇijīvināṁ vaṇijāṁ traividyaṁ vārtārūpāyāḥ vidyāyā bhedatrayaṁ ||

· 2-16-4 vidyayā vārttayā

· 2-16-6 tanavastanūḥ

· 2-16-8 eṣāṁ vanānāṁ vikurvanti vikāraṁ janayanti | vanālayāḥ bhillādyāḥ vanajīvino gopatakṣādyāḥ||

· 2-16-10 karma svastivācanādikaṁ sukhastāne pādapādisannidhau same deshe ||

· 2-16-11 vitatya kuṇḍamaṇḍapādikaṁ vistārya kriyatāṁ | ekatreti śeṣaḥ ||

· 2-16-13 pramuditā pramuditajanatvāt ||

· 2-16-14 priyakaiḥ kadambhabhedaiḥ bāṇāsanaiḥ jhiṇṭipucchaiḥ nirmayūrarutaṁ varṣāpagamāt

· 2-16-15 balākeva balākā ākasmikapātā'śaniḥ tadrahitā vibalākāḥ ||

· 2-16-17 sābhiṣekamiva paṭṭābhiṣiktanṛpatitulyam ||

· 2-16-20 abhyutsmayanti garvamāviṣkurvanti | bahutvamārṣam

· 2-16-21 kalamāpakvapāṇḍuṣu dhānyamaṣjarīpākapiṅgeṣu nirviṣṭāḥ kṛtavivāhāstadvadramaṇīyeṣu krauṣchapuruṣayoḥ dhānyavarāṅganayoścha sāmyam ||

· 2-16-24 sitāpāṅgāḥ mayūrāḥ nibhṛtaḥ pūrṇaḥ

· 2-16-25 ṛtuparyāyo varṣāpagamastena śithilaiḥ vṛttaṁ samāptaṁ yannṛtyaṁ tadā samujjhiyataiḥ ||

· 2-16-26 vinyāsaiḥ upaveśanasthalaiḥ ||

· 2-16-27 jalajādāḥ matyāśinaḥ ||

· 2-16-3 2 viśoṣayan rasāniti śeṣaḥ ||

· 2-16-34 bandhujīvaiḥ raktapuṣpaiḥ amitaḥ tāmrāsu lohitāsu ||

· 2-16-36 iṣusāhvāḥ bāṇāṣanāḥ nikumbāḥ dantiviṭapāḥ svarṇakāḥ svarṇavarnāḥ puṣpitā iti pūrvaṇānvayaḥ | sṛmarā mṛgaviśeṣāḥ teṣāṁ śaradi darśanāt | pechukāḥ ghūkāḥ iti kechit ||

· 2-16-42 sāvataṁsaiḥ samukuṭaiḥ barhāpīḍaiḥ mayūrapatrabhuṣābhistatraiva śṛṅgeṣu daṁśiterbaddhe ||

iti śrīharivaṁśe viṣṇuparvaṇi ṭīkāyāṁ ṣodaśo'dhyāyaḥ

17 – govardhanamahotsavaḥ - Performance of ṁountain-ṣacrifice

vaiśampāyana uvāca

dāmodaravacaḥ śrutvā hṛṣṭāste goṣu jīvinaḥ |

tadvāgamṛtamāsādya pratyūcuraviśaṅkayā ||2-17-1

vaiśampāyana said:

(O janamejaya!) Hearing the words of dāmodara (kṛṣṇa) happily, the people who depend on cows for their livelihood, enjoyed the sweet nectar (amṛta) of the talk and replied without any doubt.

tavaiṣā bāla mahatī gopāṇāṁ hitavardhinī |

prīṇayatyeva naḥ sarvānbuddhirvṛddhikarī gavām ||2-17-2

O child (kṛṣṇa), your thoughts are great and in favour of the wishes of gopas. All of us are pleased with your thoughts. Your intellect is for the welfare of the cows.

tvaṁ gatistvaṁ ratishcaiva tvaṁ vettā tvaṁ parāyaṇam |

bhayeṣvabhayadastvaṁ nastvameva suhṛdāṁ suhṛt |2-17-3

You are our dependence. You are our happiness. You are our shelter. You protect us from our fears. You are our well-wisher.

tvatkṛte kṛṣṇa ghoṣo'yaṁ kṣemī muditagokulaḥ |

kṛtsno vasati śāntāriryathā svargaṁ gatastathā ||2-17-4

This vraja is created by you. We are happy and well because of you. Our enemies have become silent. We are living happily as though in heaven.

janmaprabhṛti karmaitaddevairasukaraṁ bhuvi |

boddhavyāccābhimānāccha vismitāni manāṁsi naḥ ||2-17-5

Since birth you have performed tasks which are not easy even for the deva-s to perform on the earth. In view of all these and your proud words, we are astonished.

balena ca parārdhyena yaśasā vikrameṇā ca |

uttamastvaṁ manuṣyeṣu deveṣviva purandaraḥ |2-17-6

You are the best among men in strength, fame and prowess. Among gods, you are equal to indra.

pratāpena ca tīkṣṇena dīptyā pūrṇatayāpi ca |

uttamastvaṁ ca martyeṣu deveṣviva divākaraḥ ||2-17-7

You are the best among men due to influence, strong effulgence, complete vision like sun among the gods.

kāntyā lakṣmyā prasādena vadanena smitena ca |

uttamastvaṁ ca martyeṣu deveṣviva niśākaraḥ ||2-17-8

You are the best among men due to your beauty, prosperity, pleasantness, face and smile like moon among the gods.

balena vapuṣā caiva bālyena caritena ca |

syātte shaktidharastulyo na tu kashchana mānuṣaḥ ||2-17-9

There is no other powerful man equal to you in strength, body and childhood activities.

yattvayābhihitaṁ vākyaṁ giriyajṣaṁ prati prabho |

kastallaṅghayituṁ shakto velāmiva mahodadhiḥ ||2-17-10

Lord! Who is able to oppose your words on your views regarding the hill sacrifice (giri-yajṣam) like a great ocean breaking its shore?

sthitaḥ śakramahastāta śrīmāngirimahastvayam |

tvatpraṇīto'dya gopānāṁ gavāṁ hetoḥ pravartyatām ||2-17-11

O son! From today, we shall stop the indra sacrifice and conduct the hill sacrifice which you have introduced for the benefit of gopa-s and cows.

bhojanānyupakalpyantāṁ payasaḥ peśalāni ca |

kumbhāścha viniveśyantāmudapāneṣu śobhanāḥ ||2-17-12

Let us collect beautiful pots of milk. Let us keep beautiful pots of water near the well.

pūryantāṁ payasā nadyo droṇyaścha vipulāyatāḥ |

bhakṣyaṁ bhojyaṁ ca peyaṁ ca tatsarvamupanīyatām ||2-17-13

Let us fill canals and boats with milk. Let us prepare and bring snacks, food and drinks.

bhājanāni ca māṁsasya nyasyantāmodanasya ca |

trirātraṁ caiva saṁdohaḥ sarvaghoṣasya gṛhyatām ||2-17-14

Let us arrange with pleasure, the plates and vessels for rice and meat. Let us collect milk and milk products for three days and nights.

viśasyantāṁ ca pashavo bhojyā ye mahiṣādayaḥ |

pravartyatāṁ ca yajṣo'yaṁ sarvagopasusaṁkulaḥ ||2-17-15

Let us kill the animals such as buffalos to be eaten. Let this sacrifice be conducted with all gopas.

Anandajanano ghoṣo mahānmuditagokulaḥ |

tūryapraṇādaghoṣaiścha vṛṣabhāṇāṁ ca garjitaiḥ ||2-17-16

hambhāravaiścha vatsānāṁ gopānāṁ harṣavardhanaḥ |

Afterwards, there was a great jubilation in the vraja along with the playing of musical instruments, the bellowing of the bulls, and the mooing of calves, leading to the joy of gopas.

dadhno hrado ghṛtāvartaḥ payaḥ kulyāsamākulaḥ ||2-17-17

māṁsarāśiḥ prabhūtāḍhyaḥ prakāśaudanaparvataḥ |

saṁprāvartata yajṣo'sya girergobhiḥ samākulaḥ ||2-17-18

tuṣṭagopajanākīrṇo gopanārīmanoharaḥ |

Along with a pond of curd, a vortex of ghee, a river of milk, a variety of meat and a mountain of cooked rice, the entire complex of vraja including the happy gopa-s and beautiful gopi-s proceeded for the hill sacrifice.

bhakṣyāṇāṁ rāśayastatra śataśaśchopakalpitāḥ |

gandhamālyaiścha vividhairdhūpairuchcāvacaistathā ||2-17-19

There were hundreds of varieties of food . The sacrifice was complete with varieties of fragrant garlands and incense.

athādhiśṛtaparyante saṁprāpte yajṣasaṁvidhau |

yajṣaṁ girestithau saumye cakrurgopā dvijaiḥ saha || 2-17-20

At the start of the sacrifice, the items were offered to the fire as ordained. The gopa-s performed the sacrifice along with brahmins on an auspicious day.

yajanānte tadannaṁ tu tatpayo dadhi chottamam |

māmsaṁ ca māyayā kṛṣṇo girirbhūtvā samashnute ||2-17-21

At the end of the sacrifice, by illusion, kṛṣṇa became the hill and consumed the best rice, milk, curd and meat which were offered.

tarpitāścāpi viprāgryāstuṣṭāḥ saṁpūrṇamānasāḥ |

uttasthūḥ prītamanasaḥ svasti vācyaṁ yathāsukham ||2-17-22

In the sacrifice, the brahmanas were treated with food, drinks and gifts. All their requirements fulfilled, they blessed all and prayed for their well-being.

bhuktvā cāvabhṛte kṛṣṇaḥ payaḥ pītvā ca kāmataḥ |

saṁtṛpto'smīti divyena rūpeṇa prajahāsa vai ||2-17-23

After the ritual bath at the end of the sacrifice, kṛṣṇa ate the offerings, drank milk to his satisfaction and said: I am completely satisfied. Saying this he started laughing in the form of the deity of the hill.

taṁ gopāḥ parvatākāraṁ divyasraganulepanam |

girimūrdhni sthitaṁ dṛṣṭvā kṛṣṇaṁ jagmuḥ pradhānataḥ ||2-17-24

Seeing the hill deity standing on the peak of the hill wearing divine garlands, smeared with divine ointments, the gopa-s considered him as shelter, as kṛṣṇa.

bhagavānapi tenaiva rūpeṇāccāditaḥ prabhuḥ |

sahitaiḥ praṇato gopāirvavandātmānamātmanā ||2-17-25

Splendorous Lord kṛṣṇa, concealing his form, offered his obeisance to himself in the form of the hill deity along with gopas.

tamūcurvismitā gopā devaṁ girivare sthitam |

bhagavamstvadvashe yuktā dāsāḥ kiṁ kurma kiṅkarāḥ ||2-17-26

Astonished by the hill deity standing on the peak of the hill, the gopa-s said: Lord, we are at your service. Tell us, what shall we do to serve you?

sa uvāca tato gopāngiriprabhavayā girā |

adyaprbhṛti chejyo'haṁ goṣu yadyastu vo dayā ||2-17-27

Then he told gopa-s in a voice coming from the hill: If you are kind to cows, worship me through the cows from today.

ahaṁ vaḥ prathamo devaḥ sarvakāmakaraḥ śubhaḥ |

mama prabhāvāccha gavāmayutānyeva bhokṣyatha |1-17-28

I am your principal god. I fulfill all your wishes. By my splendour, you will have ten thousand cows and you will enjoy their products.

shivashcha vo bhaviṣyāmi madbhaktānāṁ vane vane |

raṁsye ca saha yuṣmābhiryathā divigatastathā ||2-17-29

I will be helpful to all of you who are devotees of me. Just as I live in my heavenly abode, I will remain with you happily.

ye cheme prathitā gopā nandagopapurogamāḥ |

eśāṁ prītaḥ prayachcāmi gopānāṁ vipulaṁ dhanam ||2-17-30

I am pleased with gopa-s such as nandagopa. I will grant them wealth and prosperity.

paryāpnuvantu kṣipraṁ māṁ gāvo vatsasamākulāḥ |

evaṁ mama parā prītirbhaviṣyati na samśayaḥ ||2-17-31

Now, quickly arrange to circumambulate me along with cows and calves. There is no doubt that by doing so, I will be greatly pleased.

tato nīrājanārthaṁ hi vṛndaśo gokulāṇi tam |

parivavrurgirivaraṁ savṛṣāṇi samantataḥ ||2-17-32

Afterwards, the cows and bulls of the vraja assembled for circumambulating the great hill.

tā gāvaḥ pradrutā hṛṣṭāḥ sāpīḍastabakāṅgadāḥ |

sasrajāpīḍaśṛṅgāgrāḥ śataśo'tha sahasraśaḥ ||2-17-33

Hundreds of thousands of cows, their heads and legs decorated with flowers, and horns adorning flower garlands happily and quickly began to circumambulate the hill.

anujagmushcha gopālāḥ kālayanto dhanāni ca |

bhakticchedānuliptāṅgā raktapītasitāmbarāḥ ||2-17-34

The cows were driven by by gopa-s who followed them with their bodies smeared with fragrant pastes. They were dressed in red, yellow and white clothes.

mayūracitrāṅgadino bhujaiḥ praharaṇāvṛtaiḥ |

mayūrapatravṛntānāṁ keśabandhaiḥ suyojitaiḥ ||2-17-35

They were wearing armlets of peacock feathers on their arms. They carried sticks in their hands. Their heads were decorated with suitable head bands of peacock feathers.

babhrājuradhikam gopāḥ samavāye tadādbhute |

anye vṛṣānāruruhurnṛtyanti sma pare mudā ||2-17-36

gopālāstvapare gāścha jagṛhurvegagāminaḥ |

Due to this, the gopa-s looked enchanting in that assembly. Some were riding on the backs of the bulls while others were dancing. Other gopa-s were catching the running cows and calves.

tasminparyāyanirvṛtte gavāṁ nīrājanotsave ||2-17-37

antardhānaṁ jagāmāśu tena dehena so'chalaḥ |

When the circumambulation of the cows were completed, the deity of the hill disappeared along with his body.

kṛṣṇo'pi gopasahito vivesha vrajameva ha || 2-17-38

kṛṣṇa along with gopa-s returned to vraja.

giriyajṣapravṛttena tenāścharyeṇa vismitāḥ |

gopāḥ sabālavṛddhā vai tuṣṭuvurmadhusūdanam ||2-17-39

Astonished by the wonderful conclusion of the hill sacrifice, all the gopa-s including the elders, men and boys praised madhusūdhana (kṛṣṇa).

iti śrīmahābhārate khileṣu harivaṁśe viṣṇuparvaṇi giriyajṣapravartane saptadaśo'dhyāyaḥ

Thus this is the seventeenth chapter of viṣṇuparva of harivaṁśa, khila of śrimahābhārata, performance of mountain sacrifice.

nīlakaṇṭha commentary

atha saptadaśedhyāye govardhanamahotsavaḥ

varṇyate hariṇā klṛpto darśanaṁ tasya cādbhutam || 1 ||

· 2-17-1 aviśaṅkyā indrāt bhayaṁ aśaṅkamānā ityarthaḥ

· 2-17-3 aśaṣkāyāṁ bījamāhustvamiti | parāyaṇam āśrayaḥ ||

·

· 2-17-4 yathā svargaṁ gataḥ svargatha iva ||

· 2-17-5 etacchakaṭabhaṅgādibhi karma dṛṣṭveti śeṣaḥ | boddhavyāt draṣṭuṁ yogyāttavābhimānādahaṁkārādahaṁ kārayiṣyāmi goyajṣaṁ balādetanna saṁśayaṁ ityevaṁrūpāt | ekaśvakāraḥ pādapūraṇārthaḥ |

· 2-17-9 ve tyayā tulyaḥ śaktidharaḥ kārtikeyaḥ ||

· 2-17-11 tvatpraṇītastvayā pravartitaḥ ||

· 2-17-13 nadyaḥ sudhāmayyo dīrghakulyāḥ drauṇyastādṛśāni kuṇḍāni ||

· 2-17-14 saṁdohaḥ payaādiḥ gṛhyatāṁ natu vikreyaḥ |

· 2-17-17 daghno hradaḥ ghṛtāvarttaḥ sārarūpeṇa ghṛtaṁ yatropayārvarttate sa tathā ||

· 2-17-18 prabhūtaścāsau āḍhyaścha bhūyānsaṁrakārakadravyasaṁyuktaścha yasminnityarthaḥ ||

· 2-17--19 adhisṛtāni vahnistāni carustālYādīni paryantāni samīpe āsāditāni yasmin ||

· 2-17-24 pradhānataḥ mukhyāsttatvajṣāḥ jagmuḥ śaraṇamiti śeṣaḥ ||

· 2-17-26 taṁ girishikharastam ||

· 2-17-31 paryāpnuvantu pradakṣiṇaṁ kurvantu ||

· 2-17-33 sāpīḍāḥ saśirobhūṣaṇāḥ tāścha tāḥ stabakāṅgadāḥ puṣpaguchcākārāṇi bāhūbhūṣaṇāni yāsāṁ tāḥ | srajashcha āpīḍāḥ śṛṣgārabhūṣaṇāni taishcha sahitāni sasrajāpīḍāni śṛṅgāgrāṇi yāsāṁ tā ||

· 2-17-34 kālayanto niyamanantaḥ dhanāni godhanāni bhakticchedairvibhāgabhedaiḥ anuliptāṅgāḥ nānāvarṇairanulepitāni pṛthak pṛthagaṅgāni yaistādṛśā ityarthaḥ ||

· 2-17-35 praharaṇāvṛtaiḥ sāyudhaiḥ mayūrapatrāṇāṁ vṛntāni madhyaśaṅkavaḥ teṣām ||

iti śrīharivaṁśe viṣṇuparvaṇi ṭīkāyāṁ saptadaśo'dhyāyaḥ

18 - govardhanadhāraṇam - Hoisting the Govardhana Mountain

vaiśampāyana uvāca

mahe pratihate śakraḥ sakrodhastridaśeśvaraḥ |

saṁvartakaṁ nāma gaṇaṁ toyadānāmathābravīt ||2-18-1

vaiśaṁpāyana said:

(O janamejaya!) When the sacrifice was stopped, the lord of gods (indra) became angry. He ordered the water bearing clouds named saṁvartaka.

bho balāhakamātaṅgāḥ śrūyatāṁ mama bhāṣitam |

yadi vo matpriyaṁ kāryam rājabhaktipuraskṛtam ||2-18-2

Clouds, powerful as elephants! Hear my words. If you are loyal to me and if you wish to please me, then do as I say.

ete vṛndavanagatā dāmodaraparāyaṇāḥ |

nandagopādayo gopā vidviṣanti mamotsavam ||2-18-3

The gopa-s such as nandagopa residing in vṛndāvana condemn my festival, depending on dāmodara (kṛṣṇa).

ājīvo yaḥ parasteṣāṁ gopatvaṁ ca yataḥ smṛtam |

tā gāvaḥ saptarātreṇa pīḍyantāṁ varṣamārutaiḥ ||2-18-4

By showering rain for seven days, torture the cows, who are the livelihood for the people there.

airāvatagataścāhaṁ svayamevāmbudāruṇaṁ |

srakṣyāmi vṛṣṭiṁ vātaṁ ca vajrāśanisamaprabham ||2-18-5

Riding on the back of airāvata, I will personally go there to oversee this terrible rain accompanied by thunder, lightning and strong winds.

bhavadbhiśchaṇḍavarṣeṇa charatā mārutena ca |

hatāstāḥ savrajā gāvastyakṣyanti bhuvi jīvitam ||2-18-6

When you begin thundershowers accompanied by strong winds, the cows and the people of vraja will be distressed and forced to give up their lives.

evamājṣāpayāmāsa sarvāṣjaladharānprabhuḥ |

pratyāhate vai kṛṣṇena śāsane pākaśāsanaḥ ||2-18-7

The powerful indra (pākaśāsana), with his sacrifice stopped by kṛṣṇa, thus ordered all the rain bearing clouds.

tataste jaladāḥ kṛṣṇā ghoranādā bhāyāvahāḥ |

ākāśaṁ cādayāmāsuḥ sarvataḥ parvatopamāḥ ||2-18-8

Then the terrible, dark coloured, water bearing clouds resembling mountains began to thunder as they covered the sky.

vidyutsaṁpātajananāḥ śakracāpavibhūṣitāḥ |

timirāvṛtamākāśaṁ cakruste jaladāstadā ||2-18-9

The rain bearing clouds, decorated with rainbows and accompanied by lightning covered the sky. The sky became dark.

gajā ivānyasamyuktāḥ kechinmakaravarchasaḥ |

nāgā ivānye gagane cherurjaladapuṅgavāḥ ||2-18-10

Some clouds looked like elephants walking side by side. Others looked like crocodiles. Some other clouds looked like serpents in the sky.

te'nyonyaṁ vapuṣā baddhā nāgayūthāyutopamāḥ |

durdinaṁ vipulaṁ cakruścādayanto nabhastalam ||2-18-11

The clouds covered the entire sky like a group of thousands of elephants, touching each other's bodies, creating a long bad day.

nṛhastanāgahastābhyāṁ veṇūnāṁ caiva sarvataḥ |

dhārābhistulyarūpābhirvavṛṣuste balāhakāḥ ||2-18-12

The clouds started raining all over showering water streams looking like hands of men, trunks of elephants and bamboo stems.

samudraṁ menire taṁ hi khamārūḍhaṁ nṛcakṣuṣaḥ |

durvigāhyamaparyantamagādhaṁ durdinaṁ mahat ||2-18-13

The eyes of men considered the deep, unlimited and incomprehensible clouds as a grave situation as if the ocean has taken over the sky.

naivāpatanvai khagamā dudruvurmṛgajātayaḥ |

parvatābheṣu megheṣu khe nadatsu samantataḥ ||2-18-14

The birds stopped flying and the animals ran here and there. Clouds like mountains began to rumble all over in the sky.

naṣṭasūryendusadṛśairmeghairnabhasi dārunaiḥ |

ativṛṣṭena lokasya virūpamabhavadvapuḥ ||2-18-15

Those terrible clouds covering the entire sky made sun and moon disappear. By showering rain continuously, the earth was deformed.

meghaughairniṣprabhākāramadṛśyagrahatārakam |

candrasūryāṁśurahitaṁ khaṁ babhūvātiniṣprabham ||2-18-16

Due to the group of dark clouds, there was no light. Planets and stars were not visible. Without the rays of sun and moon, the sky became dark.

vāriṇā meghamuktena mucyamānena cāsakṛt |

Ababhau sarvatastatra bhūmistoyamayī yathā ||2-18-17

The water released from the clouds continuously spread everywhere and the earth appeared to be filled with water.

(Note 1)

vinedurbarhiṇastatra tokakalparutāḥ khagāḥ |

vivṛddhiṁ nimnagā yātāḥ plavagāḥ saṁplavaṁ gatāḥ ||2-18-18

The peacocks crowed loudly. The other birds became silent. The rivers overflowed and the trees were swept in the currents.

garjitena ca meghānāṁ parjanyaninadena ca |

tarjitānīva kampante tṛṇāni tarubhiḥ saha ||2-18-19

Due to the thundering of clouds and the roaring of the rain, the grass and the trees began to tremble.

prāpto'ntakālo lokānāṁ vyaktamekārṇavā mahī |

iti gopagaṇā vākyaṁ vyāharanti bhayārditāḥ ||2-18-20

The terrified gopa-s started saying, "The time of destruction has come. The earth has become engulfed in the sea".*

tenotpātāṁbuvarṣeṇa gāvo viprahatā bhṛśam |

hambhāravaiḥ krandamānā na cheluḥ stambhitopamāḥ ||2-18-21

Due to the incessant rain, the cows were terrified. They bellowed and stood still as though they have become statues.

niṣkampasakthicharaṇā niṣprayatnakhurānanāḥ |

hṛṣṭaromārdratanavaḥ kṣāmakukṣipayodharāḥ ||2-18-22

Without moving their legs, toes and face, they stood still. The hair on their wet bodies were erect. Their stomach and breasts became thin.

.

kāśchitprāṇāṣjahuḥ śrāntā nipetuḥ kāśchidāturāḥ |

kāśchitsavatsāḥ patitā gāvaḥ śīkaravejitāḥ ||2-18-23

Being unable to bear the stress, some cows gave up their lives. Some of them became ill and fell down. Due to the rain, some cows fell down with the calves.

kāśchidākramya kroḍena vatsāṁstiṣṭhanti mātaraḥ |

vimukhāḥ śrāntasakthyaścha nirāhārāḥ kṛśodarāḥ ||2-18-24

Some cows kept the calves under their bodies. Some were separated from calves. Many became inactive without food, their stomachs becoming thin.

peturārtā vepamānā gāvo varṣaparājitāḥ |

Unable to bear the rain, the cows bellowed and fell down.

vatsāśchonmukhakā bālā dāmodaramukhāḥ sthitāḥ |

trāhīti vadanairdīnaiḥ kṛṣṇamūcurivārditāḥ ||2-18-25

The calves raised their heads turning towards dāmodara(kṛṣṇa)'s face as though appealing to kṛṣṇa, "Please save us".

gavāṁ tadkadanaṁ dṛṣṭvā durdināgamajaṁ mahat |

gopāṁścāsannanidhanānkṛṣṇaḥ kopaṁ samādadhe ||2-18-26

Observing the bad day (with the sky covered with dark clouds), the suffering and death of cows and the impending doom of gopa-s, kṛṣṇa became very angry.

(Note 2)

sa cintayitvā samrabdho dṛṣṭo yogo mayeti ca |

ātmānamātmanā vākyamidamūche priyaṁvadaḥ ||2-18-27

Thinking for a while and coming to a suitable solution, kṛṣṇa who speaks dear words, said to himself:

adyāhamimamutpāṭya sakānanavanaṁ girim |

kalpayeyaṁ gavāṁ sthānaṁ varṣatrāṇāya durdharam ||2-18-28

I will now lift the hill along with the trees and forest, creating a place to save the cows from the terrible rain.

ayaṁ dhṛto mayā śailaḥ pṛthvīgṛhanibhopamaḥ |

trāsyate savrajā gā vai madvashyashcha bhaviṣyati ||2-18-29

The hill, lifted by me, similar to a house built on earth, will save the cows along with vraja and will be under my control.

evaṁ sa cintayitvā tu kṛṣṇaḥ satyaparākramaḥ |

bāhvorbalaṁ darśayiṣyansamīpaṁ taṁ mahīdharam ||2-18-30

dorbhyāmutpāṭayāmāsa kṛṣṇo girimivācalaḥ |

Thinking like this, the true valiant kṛṣṇa, to show the strength of his arms, lifted the nearby hill. As he lifted the hill with his arm, kṛṣṇa appeared like another hill.

(Note 3)

sa dhṛtaḥ saṅgato meghairgiriḥ savyena pāṇinā |

gṛhabhāvaṁ gatastatra gṝhākāreṇā varchasā ||2-16-31

The hill surrounded by clouds, lifted up by kṛṣṇa with his left hand appeared like a house there.

bhūmerutpāṭyamānasya tasya shailasya sānuṣu |

śilāḥ praśithilāścelurviniṣpetuścha pādapāḥ ||2-18-32

On the peaks of the hill, which was lifted up from earth, rocks were dislocated and trees were uprooted.

śikharairghūrṇamānaiścha sīdamānaiścha pādapaiḥ |

vidhūtaiśchocchritaḥ śṛṅgairagamaḥ khagamo'bhavat |2-18-33

That hill having shaking tall peaks with falling trees shook completely and appeared like a bird flying in the sky.

calatprasravaṇaiḥ pārśvairmeghaughairekatāṁ gataiḥ |

bhidyamānāśmanichayaścacāla dharaṇīdharaḥ ||2-18-34

Then the hill shook once, with streams running along the sides merging with the surrounding clouds and rocks rolling down.

na meghānāṁ pravṛṣṭānāṁ na śaialasyāśmavarṣiṇaḥ |

vividuste janā rūpaṁ vāyostasya ca garjataḥ ||2-18-35

The people did not know the form of the clouds showering the rain or the form of the hill showering the stones or the roaring wind.

meghaiḥ saśailasaṁsthānairnīlaiḥ prasravaṇārpitaiḥ |

miśrīkṛta ivābhāti giriruddāmabarhavān ||2-18-36

With the streams merging with the dark blue clouds around the peaks, the hill looked like a peacock spreading its feathers.

āpluto'yaṁ giriḥ pakṣairiti vidyādharoragāḥ |

gandharvāpsarasaścaiva vāco muṣchanti sarvaśaḥ ||2-18-37

All the vidyādhara-s, nāgā-s, gandharvā-s and apsara-s said that the hill appeared as if it was about to fly with wings.

sahastatalavinyasto muktamūlaḥ kṣitestalāt |

rītīrnirvartayāmāsa kāṣchanāṣjanarājatīḥ ||2-18-38

Resting on the hand (of kṛṣṇa), being uprooted and separated from the surface of earth, the hill revealed gold, aṣjana, silver and other minerals.

kānicicchithilānīva saṁccinnārdhāni kanichit |

girermeghapravṛṣṭāni tasya śṛṅgaṇi cābhavan ||2-18-39

Some peaks of the hill were broken. Some other peaks were cracked. Some were covered by clouds.

giriṇā kampamānena kampitāṇāṁ tu śākhinām |

puṣpamuchcāvacaṁ bhūmau vyaśīryata samantataḥ ||2-18-40

Due to the shaking of the hill, variety of flowers from the shaking branches of trees showered down and spread on the ground.

niḥsṛtāḥ pṛthumūrdhānaḥ svastikārdhavibhūśitāḥ |

dvijihvapatayaḥ kruddhāḥ khecarāḥ khe samantataḥ ||2-18-41

With bodies decorated by half svastika marks, many angry serpents, coming out from their holes, flew in the sky with their large hoods.

ārtiṁ jagmuḥ khagagaṇā varṣeṇa ca bhayena ca |

utpattyotpattya gaganātpunaḥ peturavāṅmukhāḥ ||2-18-42

Flocks of birds which flew high in the sky and fell down again and again, distressed and terrified by rain and fear.

resurāroṣitāḥ simhāḥ sajālā iva toyadāḥ |

gargarā iva mathyanto neduḥ śārdūlapuṅgavāḥ ||2-18-43

The lions became angry and roared loudly like rain bearing clouds. The tigers growled resembling the sound of churning pots.

viṣamaiścha samībhūtaiḥ samaiścātyantadurgamaiḥ |

vyāvṛttadehaḥ sa giriranya evopalakṣyate ||2-18-44

The uneven portions of the hill became even and the even portions became highly uneven. Thus, with deformed surface, it appeared like a completely different hill.

ativṛṣṭasya tairmeghaistasya rūpaṁ babhūva ha |

stambhitasyeva rudreṇa tripurasya vihāyasi ||2-18-45

The shape of the hill, with clouds showering incessant rain, became similar to that of tripura, immobilized by rudra (shiva) in the sky.

bāhudaṇḍena kṛṣṇāsya vidhṛtaṁ sumahattadā |

nīlābhrapaṭalacchannaṁ tadgiricchatramābabhau ||2-18-46

The huge hill, carried by kṛṣṇa on his hand, dazzled like an umbrella, covered by dark blue clouds.

svapnāyamāno jaladairnimīlitaguhāmukhaḥ |

bāhūpadhāne kṛṣṇāsya prasupta iva khe giriḥ ||2-18-47

Closing the mouths of caves, with rain clouds, the hill appeared to be sleeping, using kṛṣṇa's hand as a pillow.

nirvihaṅgarutairvṛkṣairnirmayūrarutairvanaiḥ |

nirālamba ivābhāti giriḥ svaśikharairvṛtaḥ ||2-18-48

With trees without the sound of birds and forest without the sound of peacocks, the hill covered by branches of trees looked desolate.

paryastairghūrṇamānaiścha prachaladbhishcha sānubhiḥ |

sajvarāṇīva shailasya vanāni śikharāṇi ca ||2-18-49

The forests, trees and peaks of the hill appeared as though suffering from fever with the shaking and crumbling peaks.

uttmāṅgagatāstasya meghāḥ pavanavāhanāḥ |

tvaryamāṇā mahendreṇa toyaṁ mumuchurakṣayam ||2-18-50

The rain clouds, carried by winds showered incessant rain on the hill, prompted by the great indra.

sa lambamānaḥ kṛṣṇasya bhujāgre saghano giriḥ |

cakrārūḍha ivābhāti desho nṛpatipīḍitaḥ ||2-18-51

The hill situated on the hand of kṛṣṇa surrounded by rain clouds, appeared like a country, tormented by enemy kings.

sa meghanichayastasthau giriṁ taṁ parivārya ha |

puraṁ puraskṛtya yathā sphīto janapado mahān ||2-18-52

The group of rain clouds stayed surrounding the hill, like a country surrounding the capital.

niveshya taṁ kare śailaṁ tolayitvā ca sasmitam |

provāca goptā gopānāṁ prajāpatiriva sthitaḥ ||2-18-53

Keeping the hill on his hand and smiling, kṛṣṇa, the protector and supporter of gopa-s, like prajāpati, spoke as follows:

etaddevairasaṁbhāvyaṁ divyena vidhinā mayā |

kṛtaṁ girigṛhaṁ gopā nirvātaṁ śaraṇaṁ gavām ||2-18-54

Gopa-s! By my divine power, impossible even by the gods, I have made the hill, a house, for you and the cows. Wind can not enter this shelter.

kṣipraṁ vishantu yūthāni gavāmiha hi śāntaye |

nirvāteṣu ca deśeṣu nivasantu yathāsukhaṁ ||2-18-55

Bring all the cows here quickly for rest. Let them stay here comfortably, without being disturbed by winds.

(Note 4)

vibhajyatāmayaṁ deśaḥ kṛtaṁ varṣanivāraṇam |

śailotpāṭanabhūreṣā mahatī nirmitā mayā ||2-18-56

You can share this place. I have avoided the rain. By lifting the hill, I have made a large area, suitable for you to live.

paṣcakrośapramāṇena kroshaikavistaro mahān |

trailokyamapyutsahate rakṣituṁ kiṁ punarvrajam ||2-18-57

The length of this large place is five krosha-s and the breadth is one krosha. When I am able to protect all the three worlds, what is the protection of vraja for me?

tataḥ kilakilāśabdo gavāṁ hambhāravaiḥ saha |

gopānāṁ tumulo jajṣe meghanādascha bāhyataḥ ||2-18-58

As the gopa-s came under the hill, there was a lot of noise, with the bellowing of cows and the rumbling of clouds.

prāviśanta tato gāvo gopaiyūthaprakalpitāḥ |

tasya shailasya vipulaṁ pradaraṁ gahvarodaram ||2-18-59

Then the cows, divided into groups by gopa-s, entered the deep and large belly of the hill.

kṛṣṇo'pi mūle shailasya shailastambha ivocchritaḥ |

dadhāraikena hastena śailaṁ priyamivātithim ||2-18-60

kṛṣṇa stood still under the hill like a pillar, carrying the hill on his hand as a dear guest.

tato vrajasya bhāṇḍāni yuktāni śakaṭāni ca |

viviśurvarṣabhītāni tadgṛhaṁ girinirmitam ||2-18-61

Then all the vraja, afraid of the rain, entered the house made by lifting the hill, along with their utensils and carts.

ātidaivaṁ tu kṛṣṇasya dṛṣṭvā tatkarma vajrabhṛt |

mithyāpratijṣo jaladānvārayāmāsa vai vibhuḥ ||2-18-62

īndra, holder of vajra, saw the task, impossible even for the gods, performed by kṛṣṇa. Defeated in his attempt, the lord removed the rain clouds.

saptarātre tu nirvṛtte dharaṇyāṁ vigatotsavaḥ |

jagāma saṁvṛto meghairvṛtrahā svargamuttamam ||2-18-63

After seven days, with his festival not performed on earth, the killer of vṛtra (indra), along with the clouds, returned to the best heaven.

nivṛtte saptarātre tu niṣprayatne shatakratau |

gatābhre vimale vyomni divase dīptabhāskare ||2-18-64

After seven days were over, when the efforts of the performer of hundred sacrifices (indra) became futile, the sky became clear, devoid of the clouds and the sun began to shine in the day.

gāvastenaiva mārgeṇā parijagmuryathāgatam |

svaṁ ca sthānaṁ tato ghoṣaḥ pratyayātpunareva saḥ ||2-18-65

The cows returned through the same way easily. The vraja returned to the own location.

kṛṣṇo'pi taṁ giriśreṣṭhaṁ svasthāne sthāvarātmavān |

prīto niveśayāmāsa śivāya varado vibhuḥ ||2-18-66

kṛṣṇa, the eternal soul, was pleased. He reinstated the hill in its original place for the benefit of the world.

iti śrīmahābhārate khileṣu harivaṁśe viṣṇuparvaṇi govardhanoddharaṇe aṣṭādaśo'dhyāyaḥ

Thus this is the eighteenth chapter of viṣṇuparva of harivaṁśa, khila of śrimahābhārata, hoisting the govardhana mountain.

Note 1: See The harivamśa, Vol.ī, Edited by P.L. Vaidya, Volume 1, page 397, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, 1969. After śloka 17, D3, T1,2, G and M have the following line

meghayuktena vātena ghūrṇitaṁ visvatomukham

Due to the winds driving the rain clouds and shaking all the world

The malayāLaṁ translation of this line is given in bhāṣābhārataṁ by kuṣṣikkuṭṭan taṁpurān, Volume 6, page 378, line 6, DC Books, Kottayam, 2007.

Note 2: See The harivamśa, Vol.ī, Edited by P.L.Vaidya, Volume 1, page 398, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, 1969. After śloka 25, D6, T1,3,4, G 1-3 and M4 have the following śloka

Aho dārṣṭyaṁ surapatermāmanādṛtya saṁprati |

gavāṁ vadhaḥ kṛtastasya gopānāṁ ca tathā kṛtaḥ ||

Look at the defiance of the king of deva-s! He is killing the cows as well as gopa-s, without considering me.

The malayāLaṁ translation of this śloka is given in bhāṣābhārataṁ by kuṣṣikkuṭṭan taṁpurān, Volume 6, page 378, sloka 28, DC Books, Kottayam, 2007

Translator's note: The above śloka connects well with the śloka which follows beginning "sa cintayāmāsa",

Note 3: See The harivamśa, Vol.ī , Edited by P.L. Vaidya, Volume 1, page 399, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, 1969. After śloka 29, D6, S have the following śloka

samūlaviṭapaskandhaścacāla sa mahāgiri |

ghaṇāghaṇakṛtaḥ śailaḥ saprāṇa iva niḥśvasan ||

The huge hill having trees with huge trunks, branches and roots was completely shaken and appeared as though it was breathing in along with its life.

The malayāLaṁ translation of this śloka is given in bhāṣābhārataṁ by kuṣṣikkuṭṭan taṁpurān, Volume 6, page 379, sloka 33-2 and 34-1, DC Books, Kottayam, 2007

Note 4: See The harivamśa, Vol.ī, Edited by P.L.Vaidya, Volume 1, page 402, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, 1969. Line 3 of śloka 54 is

yathāvrajaṁ yathāyūthaṁ yathāsāraṁ ca vai sukham

As per vraja, as per the group, as per the accessories and as per comfort

In harivaṁśapurāṇa, volume 3, translation by bhumipati dasa, page 217, text 57 , the following line is given:

yathāśreṣṭhaṁ yathāyūthaṁ yathāsāram yathāsukhaṁ

As per the age, as per the group, as per the accessories and as per comfort

The malayāLaṁ translation of this line is given in bhāṣābhārataṁ by kuṣṣikkuṭṭan taṁpurān, Volume 6, page 380, line 2 of sloka 59, DC Books, Kottayam, 2007

nīlakaṇṭha commentary

asminnaṣṭādaśe'dhyāye āsārātpīḍite vraje |

daghne kṛṣṇo giriṁ prauḍyā saptāhamiti varṇyate || 1 ||

mahe pratihate śakra ityadhyāye -

"tamasya rājā varuṇastamaśvinā

kratuṁ sajanta mārutasya vedhasaḥ

dādhāra dakṣamuttamamaharvidaṁ

vrajaṁ ca viṣṇuḥ sakhivāṁ aporṇute"

ityetaṁ mantramupabṛṁhayati | mantrārthastu - asya viṣṇostaṁ parvatārthaṁ kṛtaṁ svaṁ svena saṁpāditaṁ kratuṁ yajṣaṁ varuṇo'śvinau ca sachanta anvamodanta mārutastasya vāyorapi vedhasaḥ sraṣṭuḥ tatashcha svamakhabhaṅge kṛte indre kupite sati viṣṇuḥ uttamaṁ śereṣṭhaṁ dakṣaṁ vṛṣṭinivāraṇakṣamaṁ aharvidaṁ kratorlabdhāraṁ parvataṁ dādhāra dadhāra dhṛtavān yataḥ sakhivān mahān vrajākhyasakhisamudāyavān vrajam aporṇute tenāharvidā shailena āccādayateti ||

· 2-18-11 durdinam duḥstaṁ dinam ||

· 2-18-12 nṛhastanāgahastābhyāṁ tulyarūpābhirdhārābhiriti saṁbandhaḥ ||

· 2-18-13 durddinaṁ meghacchannamahaḥ ||

· 2-18-15 naṣṭasūryenduḥ kalpāntaḥ tatkālasadṛśaiḥ ||

· 2-18-16 khaṁ kṛṣṇarātrau iti śeṣaḥ ||

· 2-18-17 toyamayī sarasī ||

· 2-18-18 tokakalparutāḥ atyalpaśabdāḥ plavagāḥ pravāheṇa gacchanti te tīraruhādayaḥ | saṁplavaṁ pravāham ||

· 2-18-21 viśeṣeṇa prahatāḥ viprahatāḥ ||

· 2-18-22 hṛṣṭaromāścha tā Ardratanavashcha tāḥ ||

· 2-18-23 sīkaravejitāḥ ambukaṇaiśchalitāstebhyo bhītā vā ||

· 2-18-28 ime govardhanasaṁjnaṁ ||

· 2-18-33 agamaḥ parvato acalopi khagamaḥ khaga ivābhūdityarthaḥ ||

· 2-18-36 sa shailo meghairmiśrīkṛtaḥ barhavān mayūraḥ sa iva bhātiti yojanā ||

· 2-18-37 āplutaḥ kha utpatitaḥ pakṣairmegharūpairityarthaḥ ||

· 2-18-38 gītīḥ gairikādidhātūn nirvrittayāmāsa prāvartayat ||

· 2-18-40 puṣpaṁ puṣpajātiḥ ||

· 2-18-43 resuḥ śabdaṁ cakruḥ | gargaraāḥ manthanasthālyaḥ ||

· 2-18-45 vṛṣṭasya varṣeṇāklinnasya ||

· 2-18-47 jaladaiḥ prāvaraṇabhūtaiḥ pakṣe tāḍhyapradaiḥ śramaiḥ guhāmukhāni kandarādvārāṇi pakṣe hṛdayaguhāyā mukhāni indriyāṇi ||

· 2-18-48 vanaiḥ vṛtaḥ shikharairiti saṁbandhaḥ ||

· 2-18-51 cakrārūḍhaḥ paracakravaśāt rathaśakāṭādyāruhya palāyamāno yathā''lambate tadvidityarthaḥ ||

· 2-18-54 divyena vidhinā alaukikena prabhāveṇa ||

· 2-18-56 mahatī parvatabughnādapi puṣkalakukṣiḥ ||

· 2-18-59 pradaraṁ gartamukhaṁ gahvarodaraṁ viśālagarbham ||

· 2-18-66 sthāvarātmavān akampa ityarthaḥ ||

iti śrīharivaṁśe viṣṇuparvaṇi ṭīkāyāṁ aṣṭādaśo'dhyāyaḥ ||

19 – govindābhiṣekaḥ - Krishna Honoured

vaiśampāyana uvāca

dhṛtaṁ govardhanaṁ dṛṣṭvā paritrātaṁ ca gokulam |

kṛṣṇasya darshanam shakro rochayāmāsa vismitaḥ ||2-19-1

vaiśaṁpāyana said:

(O janamejaya!) When indra saw that kṛṣṇa protected gokula by lifting govardhana hill, he became astonished. He desired to see kṛṣṇa.

sa nirjalāmbudākāraṁ mattaṁ madajalokṣitam |

āruhyairāvataṁ nāgamājagāma mahītalam ||2-19-2

Sitting on airāvataṁ, the best elephant, which appeared white like a cloud devoid of water and wet with water of mada, indra descended on earth.

sa dadarśopaviṣṭaṁ vai govardhanaśilātale |

kṛṣṇamakliṣṭakarmāṇaṁ puruhūtaḥ puraṁdaraḥ ||2-19-3

puraṁdara (indra), also known as puruhūta, saw kṛṣṇa, who performed great tasks easily, sitting on a rock on the govardhana hill.

taṁ vīkṣya bālaṁ mahatā tejasā dīptamavyayam |

gopaveṣadharaṁ viṣṇuṁ prītiṁ lebhe purandaraḥ ||2-19-4

There he saw the dazzling, indestructible boy with great splendour. purandara was highly pleased to see viṣṇu in the form of a gopa boy.

taṁ so'mbujadalaśyāmaṁ kṛṣṇaṁ srīvatsalakṣaṇam |

paryāptanayanaḥ śakraḥ sarvairnertrairudaikṣata ||2-19-5

śakra (indra) having many eyes, looked at kṛṣṇa, with all his eyes, to his satisfaction. kṛṣṇa was as dark as a lotus with the mark of srīvatsa adorning his chest.

dṛṣtvā chainaṁ śriyā juṣṭaṁ martyaloke'maropamam |

sūpaviṣṭaṁ śilāpṛṣṭhe śakraḥ sa vrīḍito'bhavat ||2-19-6

Seeing kṛṣṇa, joined with śrī like a god in the world of mortals, sitting comfortably on a rock, śakra felt ashamed.

(Note 1)

tasyopaviṣṭāsya mukhaṁ pakṣābhyāṁ pakṣipuṅgavaḥ |

antarddhānaṁ gataścāyāṁ cakāroragabhojanaḥ ||2-19-7

On the face of kṛṣṇa sitting there, the king of birds (garuḍa) who eats snakes, created shadows with his wings, remaining hidden from the view.

taṁ vivikte vanagataṁ lokavṛttāntatatparam |

upatasthe gajaṁ hitvā kṛṣṇaṁ balaniṣūdanaḥ ||2-19-8

The killer of bala (indra), alighted from his elephant and approached kṛṣṇa, who is interested in the affairs of the world, in the solitude of the forest.

sa samīpagatastasya divyasraganulepanaḥ |

rarāja devarājo vai vajrapūrṇakaraḥ prabhuḥ ||2-19-9

Going near kṛṣṇa, indra, the king of gods, wielder of vajra, wearing divine garlands and his body smeared with divine pastes, dazzled.

kirīṭenārkatulyena vidyududyotakāriṇā |

kuṇḍalābhyāṁ sa divyābhyāṁ satataṁ śobhitānanaḥ ||2-19-10

His crown was equal to sun, sparkling as lightning. His face was shining always with the divine ear rings.

paṣchastabakalambena hāriṇorasi bhūṣitaḥ |

His chest was adorned with a garland having five bunches of pearls.

sahasrapatrakāntena dehabhūṣaṇakāriṇā |

īkṣamāṇaḥ sahasreṇa netrāṇāṁ kāmarūpiṇām ||2-19-11

He looked with his thousand eyes which adorned his body beautifully like lotus flowers.

tridaśājṣāpanārthena meghanirghoṣakāriṇā |

atha divyena madhuraṁ vyājahāra svareṇā tam ||2-19-12

He ordered the gods in a voice, loud like the rumbling of clouds. Now he spoke in a divine sweet voice.

indra uvāca

kṛṣṇa kṛṣṇa mahābaho jṣātīnāṁ nandivarddhana |

atidivyaṁ kṛtaṁ karma tvayā prītimatā gavām |2-19-13

indra said:

O kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa with mighty arms! You enhance the happiness of your acquaintances. What you have done for the benefit of cows is highly divine.

mayotsṛṣṭeṣu megheṣu yugāntāvartakāriṣu |

yattvayā rakśitā gāvastenāsmi paritoṣitaḥ ||2-19-14

Even though the clouds sent by me showered incessant rain, like at the end of the ages (yuga), you protected the cows. I am highly pleased with this.

svāyaṁbhuvena yogena yaścāyaṁ parvatottamaḥ |

dhṛto veśmavadākāśe ko hyetena na vismayet ||2-19-15

With svāyambhuva yoga, you had lifted up this hill like a house in the sky. Who will not be surprised by this?

(Note 2)

pratiṣiddhe mama mahe mayeyaṁ ruṣitena vai |

ativṛṣṭiḥ kṛtā kṛṣṇā gavāṁ vai sāptarātrikī ||2-19-16

kṛṣṇa, I became angry when you prevented my sacrifice. I created incessant rains for seven days to torture the cows.

sā tvayā pratiṣiddheyaṁ meghavṛṣṭirdurāsadā |

devaiḥ sadānavagaṇairdurnivāryā mayi sthite ||2-19-17

You conquered the invincible rain showered by the clouds. It will be impossible even for the gods along with the danava-s to stop the rain created by me.

aho me supriyam kṛṣṇā yattvaṁ mānuṣadehavān |

samagraṁ vaiṣṇavaṁ tejo vinigūhasi roṣitaḥ ||2-19-18

kṛṣṇa! It is a wonderful as well as dear for me to see that you are able to conceal the complete vaiṣṇava splendour within your human body, which comes out when you are angry.

sādhitaṁ devatānāṁ hi manye'haṁ kāryamavyayam |

tvayi mānuṣyamāpanne yukte caiva svatejasā ||2-19-19

I consider the mission of gods as accomplished since you are endowed with your splendour even though you have taken a human body.

setsyate sarvakāryārtho na kiṁchitparihāsyate |

devānāṁ yadbhavānnetā sarvakāryapurogamaḥ ||2-19-20

You are the leader of gods and you are leading all our missions. Hence all our missions will be fruitful, none can be ridiculed.

ekastvamasi devānāṁ lokānāṁ ca sanātanaḥ |

dvitīyaṁ nātra paśyāmi yasteṣāṁ ca dhuraṁ vahet ||2-19-21

Lord! You alone are the eternal protector of the gods and the world. I do not see anyone other than you who can bear this responsibility.

yathā hi puṅgavaḥ śreṣṭho hyagre dhuri niyojyate |

evaṁ tvamasi devānāṁ magnānāṁ dvijavāhanaḥ ||2-19-22

Just as bulls are yoked in front for pulling heavy loads, t he deva-s in distress keep you, having the bird (garuḍa) as vehicle, in front (to save them).

tvaccharīragataṁ kṛṣṇa jagatprakaraṇaṁ tvidam |

brahmaṇā sādhu nirdiṣṭaṁ dhātubhya iva kāṣchanam ||2-19-23

kṛṣṇa, all the creations of this world are in your body. This is as per the direction of brahma. You are among the gods , like gold in minerals.

svayaṁ svayaṁbhūrbhagavānbuddhyātha vayasāpi vā |

na tvānugantuṁ shaknoti paṅgurdrutagatiṁ yathā ||2-19-24

Even the self manifested brahma, with his knowledge and position, is unable to understand you, like a lame man who is unable tocatch up with a fast runner.

sthāṇubhyo himavāṣchreṣṭho hradānāṁ varunālayaḥ |

garutmānpakṣiṇāṁ śreṣṭho devānāṁ ca bhavānvaraḥ ||2-19-25

himālaya is the best among mountains. Among the water reservoirs, ocean is the best. garuḍa is the best among birds. Among the gods, you are the best.

apāmadhastālloko vai tasyopari mahīdharāḥ |

nāgānāmupariṣṭādbhūḥ pṛthivyupari mānuṣāḥ ||2-19-26

Water is at the lowest level. Above water, there are mountains. Earth is on mountains and people live on earth.

manuṣyalokādūrdhvaṁ tu khagāṇāṁ gatirucyate |

ākāśasyopari ravirdvāraṁ svargasya bhānumān ||2-19-27

It is said that the world of birds (sky) is above the world of people. Above the sky is the sun The sun with rays is the entrance of heaven.

devalokaḥ parastasmādvimānagamano mahān |

yatrāhaṁ kṛṣṇa devānāmaindre vinihitaḥ pade ||2-19-28

Above this is the great world of deva-s, which can be reached by vimāna. kṛṣṇa, I am installed there at the position of indra among devas.

svargādūrdhvaṁ brahmaloko brahmarṣigaṇasevitaḥ |

tatra somagatishcaiva jyotiṣāṁ ca mahātmanām ||2-19-29

Above heaven, is the world of brahma, served by the group of brahmarṣis. The moon and the planets move there.

tasyopari gavāṁ lokaḥ sādhyāstaṁ pālayanti hi |

sa hi sarvagataḥ kṛṣṇa mahākāśagato mahān ||2-19-30

Above this is the goloka, governed by sādhyas. That great world, kṛṣṇa, pervading the great sky all over, is above all worlds.

uparyupari tatrāpi gatistava tapomayī |

yāṁ na vidmo vayaṁ sarve pṛcchanto'pi pitāmaham ||2-19-31

Over and above all is the world of your penance. Even after asking pitāmaha (brahma), we are unable to understand that world.

lokastvadho duṣkṛtināṁ nāgalokastu dāruṇaḥ |

pṛthivī karmaśīlānāṁ kśetraṁ sarvasya karmaṇaḥ ||2-19-32

The terrible world of nāga-s, the world of evil-doers, is below all worlds. Earth is for people of action. It is the field of all actions.

khamasthirāṇāṁ viṣayo vāyunā tulyavṛttinām |

gatiḥ śamadamāḍhyānāṁ svargaḥ sukṛtakarmaṇām ||2-19-33

Like wind, sky is meant for the restless. Heaven is meant for people who are engaged in good deeds with self control and humility.

brāhme tapasi yuktānāṁ brahmalokaḥ parā gatiḥ |

gavāmeva tu goloko durārohā hi sā gatiḥ ||2-19-34

brahmaloka is meant for people who are engaged in penances of brahma. The goloka is meant only for cows where no others can enter.

sa tu lokastvayā kṛṣṇa sīdamānaḥ kṛtātmanā |

dhṛto dhṛtimatā vīra nighnatopadravāngavām ||2-19-35

kṛṣṇa! When that world was weakened (when the cows were oppressed by incessant rainfall) , you, vīra, eliminated all the distresses and saved them.

tadahaṁ samanuprāpto gavāṁ vākyena choditaḥ |

brahmaṇaścha mahābhāga gauravāttava cāgataḥ ||2-19-36

O mahābhāga! I have come here, as per the words of brahma and the (divine) cows, and also due to my respect for you.

ahaṁ bhūtapatiḥ kṛṣṇa devarājaḥ puraṁdaraḥ |

aditergarbhaparyāye pūrvajaste purākṛtaḥ ||2-19-37

kṛṣṇa! I am the lord of all living beings, the king of gods, puraṁdara (indra). Earlier I was your elder brother, when you entered the womb of aditi.

svatejastejasā caiva yatte darśitavānaham |

devarūpeṇa tatsarvaṁ kṣantumarhasi me vibho ||2-19-38

Lord! I tried to display my powers as a god before you. Kindly forgive all my offences.

evaṁ kṣāntamanāḥ kṛṣṇa svena saumyena tejasā |

brahmaṇaḥ śṛṇū me vākyaṁ gavām ca gajavikrama ||2-19-39

kriṣṇa, Valiant as an elephant! Kindly forgive me by your good qualities and listen to the words spoken by brahma and the divine cows:

āha tvāṁ bhagavānbrahmā gāvaścākāśagā divi |

karmabhistoṣitā divyaistava saṁrakṣaṇādibhiḥ ||2-19-40

Being pleased by your divine deeds for protecting the cows, Lord brahma and the divine cows said:

bhavatā rakṣitā gāvo golokashcha mahānayam |

yadvayaṁ puṅgavaiḥ sārdhaṁ varddhāmaḥ prasavaistathā ||2-19-41

The cows and the great goloka are protected by you so that we flourish along with the bulls and calves.

karṣukānpuṅgavairbāhyairmedhyena haviṣā surān |

śriyaṁ śakṛtpravṛttena tarpayiṣyāma kāmagāḥ ||2-19-42

Farmers are pleased with best bulls. Gods are pleased with offerings to the sacrificial fire. śrī is pleased with cowdung.

tadasmākaṁ gurustvam hi prāṇadaścha mahābalaḥ |

adya prabhṛti no rājā tvamindro vai bhava prabho ||2-19-43

Lord! You, with great power, gave us life. Hence you are our master. From today onwards, you be our king, indra.

tasmāttvaṁ kāṣchanaiḥ pūrṇairdivyasya payaso ghaṭaiḥ |

ebhiradyābhiṣiṣchasva mayā hastāvanāmitaiḥ ||2-19-44

Hence please accept the abhiṣeka performed with divine water filled in these golden pots presented to you through me, keeping on my hands.

ahaṁ kilendro devānāṁ tvaṁ gavāmindratāṁ gataḥ |

govinda iti lokāstvāṁ stoṣyanti bhuvi śāśvatam ||2-19-45

I am indra of the gods. Let you be the king of cows. From today, the entire people on the face of earth will praise you eternally as govinda.

mamopari yathendrastvaṁ sthāpito gobhirīśvaraḥ |

upendra iti kṛṣṇa tvāṁ gāsyanti divi devatāḥ ||2-19-46

kṛṣṇa!, cows have installed you, above me, as their god, indra. At heaven, gods will sing praising you as upendra.

ye cheme vārṣikā māsāścatvāro vihitā mama |

eṣāmardhaṁ prayachcāmi śaratkālaṁ tu pashchimam ||2-19-47

I am giving the second half of the four rainy months allocated for my worship, which are known as autumn.

adya prabhṛti māsau dvau jṣāsyanti mama mānavāḥ |

varṣārddhe ca dhvajo mahyaṁ tataḥ pūjāmavāpsyasi |

mamāmbuprabhavaṁ darpaṁ tadā tyakṣyanti barhiṇaḥ ||2-19-48

From now onwards, people will consider two months as mine. In the middle of the rainy season, my flag will receive worship. At that time, the peacocks will give up their pride because of the power of my water.

alpavāco gatamadā ye cānye meghanādinaḥ |

śāntiṁ sarve gamiṣyanti mama kālavicāriṇaḥ ||2-19-49

The clouds will become silent giving up their pride. Moving in my time, all will become calm.

triśaṅkvagastyacaritāmāśāṁ ca prachariṣyati |

sahasraraśmirādityastāpayansvena tejasā ||2-19-50

In the rainy season, sun with thousands of rays, will move warming the places, where triśaṅku and sage agastya lived.

tataḥ śaradi yuktāyāṁ maunakāmeśu barhiṣu |

yācamāne khage toyaṁ vipluteṣu plaveṣu ca ||2-19-51

As and when the autumn arrives, as peacocks become silent, as birds seek water and as streams flow,

haṁsasārasapūrṇeṣu nadīnāṁ pulineṣu ca |

mattakrauṣchapraṇādeṣu pramattavṛṣabheṣu ca ||2-19-52

As the banks of rivers are occupied with swans, sārasā-s, and as excited krauṣcha birds and bulls

goṣu caiva prahṛṣṭāsu kśarantīṣu payo bahu |

nivṛtteṣu ca megheṣu niryātya jagato jalam ||2-19-53

As happy cows yield lots of milk, as clouds retire showering water on earth,

ākāśe śastrasaṁkāśe haṁseṣu ca charatsu ca |

jātapadmeṣu toyeshu vāpīṣu ca saratsu ca ||2-19-54

taḍāgeṣu ca kānteṣu toyeṣḥu vimaleṣu ca |

As swans fly in the clear sky, as lotus flowers bloom in the water of pools and lakes, increasing the beauty of the clear water

kalamāvanatāgrāsu kṛṣṇakedārapaṅktiṣu ||2-19-55

kṛṣṇa! As the paddy becomes bent with grains, ready for reaping,

madhyasthaṁ salilārambhaṁ kurvantīṣu nadīṣu ca |

susasyāyāṁ ca sīmāyāṁ manoharyāṁ munerapi ||2-19-56

As the rivers become full of water in the middle, as the plants grow exceeding their limits, stealing the minds of sages even,

pṛthivyāṁ pṛthurāṣṭrāyāṁ raṁyāyāṁ varṣasaṁkṣaye |

śrīmatsu paṅktimārgeṣu phalavatsu tṛṇeṣu ca |

As the beautiful rainy season comes to an end in the land, as the walkways flourish, as grass plants become full with fruits,

ikṣumatsu ca deśeṣu pravṛtteṣu makheṣu ca ||2-19-57

as sugarcane grows all over and as sacrifices continue,

ataḥ pravartsyate puṇyā sharatsuptotthite tvayi |

loke'sminkṛṣna nikhile yathaiva tridive tathā ||2-19-58

As you wake up from your sleep, kṛṣṇa!, it will be the auspicious time for autumn to begin all over the world as well as in heaven.

narāstvāṁ caiva māṁ caiva dhvajākārāsu yaṣṭiṣu |

mahendraṁ cāpyupendraṁ ca mahayanti mahītale ||2-19-59

People on the earth will worship mahendra (me) and upendra (you) with flags and sacrifices.

ye cāvayoḥ sthire vṛtte mahendropendrasaṁjṣite |

mānavāḥ praṇamiṣyanti teṣāṁ nāstyanayāgamaḥ ||2-19-60

Those who celebrate these eternal festivals and worship me and you as mahendra and upendra will never face any difficulties.

tataḥ śakrastu tāngṛhya ghaṭāndivyapayodharān |

abhiṣekeṇa govindaṁ yojayāmāsa yogavit ||2-19-61

Then indra performed abhiṣeka, as ordained, with the divine water filled in the pots on govinda who is an expert in yoga.

dṛṣṭvā tamabhiṣiktaṁ tu gāvastāḥ saha yūthapaiḥ |

stanaiḥ prasravayuktaishcha siṣichuḥ kṛṣṇamavyayam ||2-19-62

Seeing the abhiṣeka being performed (on kṛṣṇa), the cows, accompanied by bulls, also performed abhiṣeka on the eternal kṛṣṇa with milk from their breasts.

meghāścha divi yuktābhiḥ sāmṛtābhiḥ samantataḥ |

siṣichustoyadhārābhirabhiṣicya tamavyayam ||2-19-63

Afterwards, the clouds, performed abhiṣeka on the one who does not have any decline (kṛṣṇa) showering streams of water similar to nectar, from all over the sky.

vanaspatīnāṁ sarveṣāṁ susrāvendunibhaṁ payaḥ |

vavarṣuḥ puṣpavarṣaṁ ca nedustūryāṇi cāmbare ||2-19-64

Then, from trees and plants, sap, white as moon, started dripping. There was a shower of flowers from the sky and musical instruments were played.

astuvanmunayaḥ sarve vāgbhirmantraparāyaṇāḥ |

ekārṇave viviktaṁ ca dadhāra vasudhā vapuḥ ||2-19-65

Then all the sages chanting mantra-s, praised kṛṣṇa. The earth took the form, after emerging from ekārṇava ocean.

prasādaṁ sāgarā jagmurvavurvātā jagaddhitāḥ |

mārgastho'pi babhau bhānuśchandro nakṣatrasaṁyutaḥ ||2-19-66

The water of the oceans became clear. The winds blew gently comforting all beings. The sun moved in his orbit . The moon shone along with stars.

ītayaḥ praśamaṁ jagmurnirvairarachanā nṛpāḥ |

pravālapatraśabalāḥ puṣpavantaścha pādapāḥ ||2-19-67

There were no natural calamities. The kings abandoned their enmity. The trees appeared beautiful, full of young leaves and flowers.

madaṁ prasusruvurnāgā yātāstoṣaṁ vane mṛgāḥ |

alaṁkṛtā gātraruhairdhātubhirbhānti parvatāḥ ||2-19-68

The elephants became intoxicated. The animals in the forest were pleased. The mountains dazzled, being decorated with minerals in their bodies.

devalokopamo lokastṛpto'mṛtarasairiva |

āsītkṛṣṇābhiṣeko hi divyasvargarasokṣitaḥ ||2-19-69

The entire world became happy as heaven, as if satisfied by nectar. With the abhiṣeka of kṛṣṇa, it appeared as though the world was flooded with nectar like heaven.

abhiṣiktaṁ tu taṁ gobhiḥ shakro govindamavyayam |

divyamālyāmbaradharaṁ devadevo'bravīdidam ||2-19-70

The god of gods (indra), told govinda, on whom abhiṣeka was performed by the cows, who does not have any decline and who was wearing divine garlands.

eṣa te prathamaḥ kṛṣṇa niyogo goṣu yaḥ kṛtaḥ |

śrūyatāmaparaṁ kṛṣṇa mamāgamanakāraṇam ||2-19-71

I have now carried out the instruction of the (divine) cows which was the first reason for my coming here. kṛṣṇa! Now listen to the second reason.

kṣipraṁ prasādhyatāṁ kaṁsaḥ keṣī ca turagādhamaḥ |

ariṣṭaścha madāviśṭo rājarājyaṁ tataḥ kuru ||2-19-72

Let kaṁsa and keshi the lowest among horses be killed quickly. Let the arrogant ariṣṭa be sent to the abode of death.

pitṛṣvasari jātaste mamāṁśo'hamiva sthitaḥ |

sa te rakṣyaścha mānyaścha sakhye ca viniyujyatām ||2-19-73

Your father's sister has given birth to a portion of me, who is like me. I request you to protect him, respect him and make him your friend.

tvayā hyanugṛhītasya tava vṛttānuvartakaḥ |

tvadvashe vartamānaścha prāpsyate vipulaṁ yaśaḥ ||2-19-74

With your favour, he will follow you faithfully. Under your guidance, he will attain vast fame.

bhāratasya ca vaṁśasya sa variṣṭho dhanurdharaḥ |

bhaviṣyatyanurūpaścha tvadṛte na ca raṁsyate ||2-19-75

He will be the greatest archer of the bharata dynasty. He will follow your instructions always. He will never be happy without you.

bhārataṁ tvayi cāyattaṁ tasmiṁścha puruṣottame |

ubhābhyāmapi saṁyoge yāsyanti nidhanaṁ nṛpāḥ ||2-19-76

The bhārata (war) will depend on you and that best among men. If both of you make a combined effort, the kings will be killed.

pratijṣātaṁ mayā kṛṣṇa ṛṣimadhye sureṣu ca |

mayā putro'rjuno nāma sṛṣṭaḥ kuntyāṁ kulodvahaḥ ||2-19-77

kṛṣṇa! I have pledged this among the sages and gods. The son named Arjuna, who is born to kunti because of me, will bring glory to the race.

so'strāṇāṁ pāratattvajṣaḥ śreṣṭhaścāpāvikarṣaṇe |

taṁ pravekṣyanti vai sarve rājānaḥ śastrayodhinaḥ ||2-19-78

He will become the supreme expert in releasing arrows. He will become the leading archer. All the kings who fight with weapons, will be vanquished by him.

akṣauhiṇīstu śūrāṇāṁ rājṣāṁ saṁgrāmaśālinām |

sa ekaḥ kṣatradharmeṇa yojayiṣyati mṛtyunā ||2-19-79

He will fight with the armies of the valiant kings. Alone, he will send all of them to the abode of death, according to the kṣatriya dharma.

tasyāstracaritaṁ mārgaṁ dhanuṣo lāghavena ca |

nānuyāsyanti rājāno devā vā tvāṁ vinā prabho ||2-19-80

Lord! In releasing arrows and ease of handling the bow, none among the kings and gods will be able to match him, except you.

sa te bandhuḥ sahāyaścha saṇgrāmeṣu bhaviṣyati |

tasya yogo vidhātavyastvayā govinda matkṛte ||2-19-81

He will be your relative and companion in the battlefield. Govinda! You should instruct him in yoga for my sake.

draṣṭavyaścha yathāhaṁ vai tvayā mānyaścha nityaśaḥ |

jṣātā tvameva lokāṇāmarjunasya ca nityaśaḥ ||2-19-82

Treat him like me and respect him always. Protect arjuna always, since you are aware of everything in the world.

tvayā ca nityaṁ saṁrakṣya āhaveṣu mahatsu saḥ |

rakṣitasya tvayā tasya na mṛtyuḥ prabhaviṣyati ||2-19-83

Always protect him in great battles. As long as he is protected by you, Death will not come to him.

arjunaṁ viddhi māṁ kṛṣṇa māṁ chaivātmānamātmanā |

ātmā te'haṁ yathā shashvattathaiva tava so'rjunaḥ ||2-19-84

Consider arjuna as me, and me as you. How I am your soul, it is so for you and arjuna.

tvayā lokānimāṣjitvā balerhastāttribhiḥ kramaiḥ |

devatānāṁ kṛto rājā purā jyeṣṭhakramādaham ||2-19-85

Earlier, you won the worlds from bali's hands with three steps. As elder brother, you made me the king of gods.

tvāṁ ca satyamayaṁ jṣātvā satyeṣṭaṁ satyavikramam |

satyenopetya devā vai yojayanti ripukṣaye ||2-19-86

You are always fixed in truth. You are worshipped by truth. The gods, in truth entrust you for the destruction of their enemies.

so'rjuno nāma me putraḥ pituste bhaginīsutaḥ |

iha sauhārdamāyātu bhūtvā sahacharaḥ purā ||2-19-87

That person named arjuna is my son. He is the son of your father's sister. Let there be friendship with him, who was with you earlier.

tasya te yuddhyataḥ kṛṣṇa svasthāne'pi gṛhe'pi vā |

voḍhavyā puṅgaveneva dhūḥ sadā raṇamūrdhani ||2-19-88

kṛśṇa, whether he fights, or he is at his place or at his residence, protect him. Like a great bull, always take the responsibility of protecting in the battlefield.

kamse vinihate kṛṣṇa tvayā bhāvyarthadarśinā |

abhitastanmahadyuddhaṁ bhaviṣyati mahīkṣitām ||2-19-89

kṛṣṇa, you know everything that is going to happen in future. After kamsa is killed, all the kings of earth will be engaged in a great war.

tatra teṣāṁ nṛvīrāṇāmatimānuṣakarmaṇām |

vijayasyārjuno bhoktā yaśasā tvaṁ ca yokṣyase ||2-19-90

In that war, arjuna will defeat all the heroic kings, who are capable of superhuman acts and enjoy the victory. You will have great fame.

etanme kṛṣṇa kārtsnyena kartumarhasi bhāṣitam |

yadyahaṁ te surāścaiva satyaṁ ca priyamachyuta ||2-19-91

achyuta! (kṛṣṇa, whose fame will never be diminished), I request you to do all the needful as I told you, if me, the gods and truth are dear to you.

śakrasya vacanaṁ śrutvā kṛṣṇo govindatāṁ gataḥ |

prītena manasā yuktaḥ prativākyaṁ jagāda ha ||2-19-92

Hearing the words of śakra (indra), kṛṣṇa, who became govinda, was highly pleased. He replied as follows:

prīto'smi darśanāddeva tava śakra śacīpate |

yattvayābhihitaṁ chedaṁ na kiṁchitparihāsyate ||2-19-93

god!, O śakra! O Husband of shachi! I am pleased to see you. There is nothing to be left out in what you told me.

jānāmi bhavato bhāvāṁ jānāmyarjunasaṁbhavam |

jāne pitṛṣvasāraṁ ca pāṇḍordattāṁ mahātmanaḥ ||2-19-94

I know your intentions. I am aware of the birth of arjuna. I know my father's sister, (kunti) given (in marriage) to Pandu, the great soul.

yudhiṣṭhiraṁ ca jāṇāmi kumāraṁ dharmanirmitam |

bhīmasenaṁ ca jānāmi vāyoḥ saṁtānajaṁ sutam ||2-19-95

I know yudhiṣṭhira, the son obtained from (god) dharma. I am aware of bhīmasena, the son, born from vāyu.

aśvibhyāṁ sādhu jānāmi sṛṣṭam putradvayaṁ śubham |

nakulaṁ sahadevaṁ ca mādrīkukṣigatāvubhau ||2-19-96

I know the auspicious twin sons, nakula and sahadeva, born from mādri's womb to ashvinideva.

kānīnaṁ cāpi jānāmi savituḥ prathamam sutaṁ |

pitṛṣvasari karṇaṁ vai prasūtaṁ sūtatāṁ gatam ||2-19-97

I know karṇa, the first son born to my father's sister (kunti) from sun god when she was a virgin and who was bought up in a sūta household.

dhārtarāśṭrāścha me sarve viditā yuddhakāṅkṣiṇaḥ |

pāṇḍoruparamam caiva śāpāśaninipātajam ||2-19-98

I am aware of all the sons of dhṛtarāṣtra, who are keen to fight a war. I am aware of the death of pāṇḍu, due to a curse (like a thunderbolt).

tadgaccha tridivaṁ śakra sukhāya tridivaukasām |

nārjunasya ripuḥ kaśchinmamāgre prabhaviṣyati ||2-19-99

śakra (indra)! Now you may return to heaven for the sake of gods. No enemy of arjuna can ever flourish in front of me.

arjunārthe ca tānsarvānpāṇḍavānakṣatānyudhi |

kuntyā niryātayiṣyāmi nivṛtte bhārate mṛdhe ||2-19-100

Because of arjuna, I will return all the pāṇḍavā-s to kunti, unharmed in the war, after the conclusion of bhārata war.

yaccha vakṣyati māṁ śakra tanūjastava so'rjunaḥ |

bhṛtyavattatkariṣyāmi tava snehena yantritaḥ ||2-19-101

śakra (indra)! Whatever your son arjuna asks me, I will do as a servant, because I am bound by your affection.

satyasandhasya tacchrutvā priyaṁ prītasya bhāṣitam |

kṛṣṇasya sākṣāttridivaṁ jagāma tridaśeśvaraḥ ||2-19-102

Hearing these dear words spoken in a pleasing way by kṛṣna, always fixed in truth, the lord of heaven (indra), returned to heaven.

iti śrīmahābhārate khileṣu harivaṁśe viṣṇuparvaṇi govindābhiṣeke ekonaviṁśo'dhyāyaḥ

Thus this is the ninteenth chapter of viṣṇuparva of harivaṁśa, khila of śrimahābhārata, kṛṣṇa honoured.

Note 1: See The Harivamsa, Edited by P.L.Vaidya, Vol. 1, p 404, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona, 1969. After sloka 6, D6, T1-2, G, M4 has the following line

surāṇāṁ kāryasiddhyarthaṁ nityaṁ karmasu niṣṭhitam |

Always engaged in actions in the interests of deva-s

The malayāLaṁ translation of this line is given in bhāṣābhārataṁ by kuṣṣikkuṭṭan taṁpurān, Vol.6, page 381, sloka 6-2, DC Books, Kottayam, 2007.

Note 2: See the nīlakaṇṭha commentary of 2-19-15 for svāyaṁbhuvena yogena ... . nīlakaṇtha commentary is explained in detail in the footnote on page 331, śrīharivaṁśapurāṇ, gita press, Gorakhpur, 2003: By taking svāyaṁbhuva yoga, (related to brahma yoga) very heavy items become light. When kṛṣṇa lifted the hill, it became light for him. This is similar to the drinking of ocean by agastaya, when the ocean was reduced to three hands-full of water for him.

nīlakaṇṭha commentary

ekonaviṁśo'dhyāye surabhirbrahmachoditaḥ |

indro'bhiṣiktavān kṛṣṇaṁ gavāmaindre nirūpyate || 1 ||

· 2-19-1 dhṛtāmiti |

· 2-19-5 paryāptanayanaḥ saṁprāptanetraphalaḥ ||

· 2-19-8 lokavṛttāntatatparaṁ lokavyavahāratatparaṁ ||

· 2-19-11 paṣchabhiḥ stabakairmahāgucchairlambate iti tena paṣchastabakalambena ||

· 2-19-15 svāyaṁbhuvena yogena hairaṇyagarbhyā dhāraṇayā tasyāṁ hi kriyamāṇāyāṁ gurutaro'pi laghurbhavati kṛṣṇadhṛtagovardhanavat vipulataro'pyalpo bhavatyagastyapītasamudravat ||

· 2-19-16 gavāṁ kopeneti śeṣaḥ ||

· 2-19-17 roṣitaḥ vajrapakṣapātena mayi kruddhaḥ san pūrṇatvaṁ svasyāccādayasītyarthaḥ ||

· 2-19-22 puṅgavaḥ mahokṣaḥ ||

· 2-19-23 prakaraṇaṁ prakarṣeṇa rachanam | pāṭhāntare pravahaṇaṁ sṛṣṭipravāhaḥ ||

· 2-19-25 sthāṇubhyaḥ parvatebhyaḥ ||

· 2-19-26 golokasya śreṣṭhatvaṁ vaktuṁ pīṭhikāmāha | apāmiti | apāṁ loko'dhastāt tasyoparyapsu plavanto mahīdharāḥ parvatāḥ samudre magnānyuparidaṇḍāni lohalāṅgalāni nāvamiva mahīṁ dhārayantaḥ ata eva nagānāmupariṣṭādbhūḥ smṛtā bhuvashchopari nagā dṛśyante ||

· 2-19-29 somagatistāvatītyarthaḥ | karmaphalaṁ tāvadevetyarthaḥ ||

· 2-19-30 golokastu gopālopāsanāgamyastato'pyuparītyāha | tasyeti ||

· 2-19-31 tatrāpi goloke'pi na vidmaḥ kuto labhemetyarthaḥ ||

· 2-19-34 gavāmevetyanyeṣāṁ tapaādinā'pi duṣprāpa ityarthaḥ ||

· 2-19-35 sa eva golokastvayā saha bhūmāvagataḥ san sīdamānāvastāyāṁ tvayaiva trātaḥ ityarthaḥ | tathā ca mantravarṇaḥ |

"tā vāṁ vāstūnyuśmasi gamadhyai

yatra gāvo bhūriśṛṅgā āyāsaḥ

atrāha tadurugāyasya vṛṣṇaḥ

paramaṁ padamavabhāti bhūri"

iti| tāni vāṁ yuvayoḥ rāmakṛṣṇayorvāstūni ramyasthānāni gamadhyai gantuṁ ushmasi uśmaḥ kāmayāmahe na tu tatra jantuṁ prabhavāma yatra yeṣu vāstuṣu bhūriśṛṅgāḥ mahāśṛṅgavatyo gāvaḥ āyāsaḥ saṁcaranti | atra bhūloke aha niśchitaṁ tat golokākhyaṁ paramaṁ padaṁ bhūri atyantaṁ mukhyādapi viśiṣṭaṁ avabhāti atyantaṁ shobhate | vṛṣṇaḥ ānandavarṣukasya urugāyasya mahākīrtirityarthaḥ ||

· 2-19-39 me mukhāditi śeṣaḥ ||

· 2-19-44 abhiṣiṣchasva ātmānamiti śeṣaḥ | abhiṣekādikaṁ bhagavānaṅgīcakāretyāha mantraḥ:

"ṛṣabhaṁ nā samānānāṁ

sapatnānāṁ viṣāsahiṁ

hantāraṁ śatrūṇāṁ kṛdhi

virājaṁ gopatiṁ gavām"

iti | viṣāsahiṁ sahanasamarthaṁ ||

· 2-19-46 mameti indrāduparīti vigrahe rilopena upendreti nāma niṣpannamityarthaḥ ||

· 2-19-48 varṣārddhe Ashvinaśuklapratipadi | dhvajaḥ vratasamāptichihnam ||

· 2-10-50 āśāṁ dakṣiṇāṁ diśāṁ

· 2-19-51 khage cātake plaveṣu nadītaraṇasādhaneṣu vigatapūrāsu nadīṣvityarthaḥ ||

· 2-19-53 niryātya virecya ||

· 2-19-54 śastrasaṁkāśe kṛṣṇabhāsvare vā nirmale ||

· 2-19-55 kalamānāṁ śālikaṇiśānāṁ avanatāni agrāṇi yāsu tāsu

· 2-19-57 makheṣu āgrāyaṇavājapeyādiṣu ||

· 2-19-59 mahayanti pūjayanti ||

· 2-19-60 sthire śāśvate vṛtte mahākhye ācāre ||

· 2-19-61 divyaṁ payo mandākinījalaṁ tasya dharān ||

· 2-19-62 tāḥ gāvaḥ svargasthāḥ ||

· 2-19-64 vavarṣuḥ devāḥ | neduḥ svayameva ||

· 2-19-6 5 ekārṇavāddiviktaṁ pṛthagbhūtaṁ kṣīrodamadhye kṣīrodatulyā pṛthivyabhavadityarthaḥ ||

· 2-19-67 ītayo'tivṛṣṭyādyā ||

· 2-19-68 gātraruhairvṛkṣādibhiḥ ||

· 2-19-71 niyogaḥ kṛtyopadeśaḥ ||

· 2-19-72 prasādhyatāṁ vadhyatāṁ ||

· 2-19-73 mamāṁśo'rjunaḥ ||

· 2-19-76 bhārataṁ bharatānāṁ yuddham ||

· 2-19-81 yogo'dhyātmavidyā vidhātavyaḥ ajṣāto jṣāpanīyaḥ ||

· 2-19-97 kānīnaṁ kanyāyāṁ bhavam ||

· 2-19-100 niryātayiṣyāmi pratyarpayiṣyāmi

· 2-19-101 yantritaḥ baddhaḥ ||

iti śrīharivaṁśe viṣṇuparvaṇi ṭīkāyāṁ ekonaviṁśo'dhyāyaḥ ||